Understanding the vulva

The vulva, often misunderstood and under-discussed, plays a crucial role in female anatomy and health. Mr Narendra Pisal gives us a comprehensive guide to help demystify this important part of the body.

What is the vulva? 

The vulva encompasses the external aspects of the female genitalia. It encompasses several distinct components:

• Mons pubis: The fatty tissue covering the pubic bone at the top of the vulva.

• Labia majora: Two outer folds of skin extending downwards from the mons pubis.

• Labia minora: Inner folds of skin located inside the labia majora, surrounding the vaginal introitus.

• Clitoris: An extremely sensitive organ situated at the uppermost part of the vulva.

• Clitoral hood: The fold of skin covering the clitoris.

• Urethral opening: Positioned just below the clitoris, where urine exits the body.

• Vaginal opening: The entrance to the vagina. • Fourchette: The area where the labia minora meet at the bottom.

• Bartholin’s glands: Glands located at the vaginal opening, responsible for lubrication.

Function of the vulva

The vulva serves multiple functions:

Protection: It acts as a protective barrier for the internal genital organs, safeguarding against infections and injuries.

Sexual arousal: The vulva, particularly the clitoris, is crucial for sexual stimulation and pleasure.

Lubrication: Bartholin’s glands secrete fluids that aid in lubricating the vagina during arousal and sexual activity.

Why understanding the vulva is important

Many individuals with vaginas are unfamiliar with their vulval anatomy, which can lead to misconceptions and potential health issues. Being aware of normal anatomy helps in recognising abnormalities such as lumps, discomfort, or unusual bleeding, prompting timely medical attention.

Improving vulval health through education

Educating individuals about their vulvas enhances overall health by promoting:

Early detection: Recognising changes in vulval appearance or symptoms can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of conditions.

Self-care: Knowing one’s own anatomy facilitates effective self-examination and prompts timely medical consultation when necessary.

Advice for overcoming embarrassment

It’s natural to feel embarrassed discussing intimate anatomy, but healthcare professionals are trained to handle these discussions sensitively. Learning the correct terminology and understanding that healthcare providers are there to help can ease discomfort.

Getting to know your vulva

Exploring resources like reputable books on gynaecology or reliable online sources (such as NHS websites) can aid in understanding vulval anatomy. Using a mirror for self-examination can also help individuals become more familiar with their own bodies.

When to seek medical advice

Regular self-checks are recommended to detect any abnormalities. Consult a doctor if you notice persistent changes, such as lumps, itching, or discomfort. Prompt medical attention ensures timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Additional considerations

The appearance of the vulva varies widely among individuals and can change over time due to factors like puberty, childbirth, and menopause. Understanding these variations promotes body positivity and reassures individuals about the diversity of normal anatomy.

Mr Narendra Pisal is an esteemed consultant gynaecologist. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Pisal on his Top Doctors profile.