Uterine fibroid embolisation: is it right for me?

Uterine fibroid embolisation is a minimally-invasive procedure, which is used as an alternative to surgical intervention, providing a safe and efficient option to surgery for some women seeking treatment for fibroids. Leading consultant interventional and diagnostic radiologist Dr James Briggs provides a comprehensive guide to the procedure.

What are fibroids?

Fibroids are benign growths that form in the uterine walls, often leading to symptoms such as heavy periods and discomfort. While surgical options like hysterectomy (complete removal of the uterus) or myomectomy (removal of fibroids) are common treatments, they involve lengthy recovery periods and carry risks of complications.

Who might need a uterine fibroid embolisation?

Women diagnosed with fibroids experiencing distressing symptoms, such as severe menstrual bleeding causing anaemia, pressure on the bladder or bowel leading to urinary urgency or constipation, and abdominal bloating, may opt for uterine fibroid embolisation.

Although some women find relief from fibroid symptoms with medications or intrauterine devices like the Mirena coil, others may require more intervention. Uterine fibroid embolisation, or surgery, becomes an option when conservative measures fail or when there's significant pressure on the bladder or bowel.

Each treatment option has its advantages and disadvantages. While a hysterectomy typically offers complete symptom relief, it carries a higher risk of complications and entails a longer recovery period. Myomectomy, preserving the uterus, is an alternative suitable for women concerned about future fertility, yet it shares similar complication rates and recovery times with hysterectomy. Uterine fibroid embolisation, however, boasts a high success rate and lower complication risk compared to invasive surgeries.

What to expect

During the procedure, the arteries supplying blood to the fibroids are blocked, causing them to shrink. This involves inserting a thin, flexible tube into a blood vessel in the groin or wrist, guided by X-ray, and introducing tiny particles to block the arteries supplying the fibroids. The entire procedure typically lasts about an hour, with an overnight hospital stay and discharge the following day.

Post-procedure, patients may experience cramping similar to intense period pains, managed with strong painkillers. Pain typically diminishes within 12 hours, with gradual symptom reduction over the following nine to 12 months.

How successful is the procedure?

Uterine fibroid embolisation is a safe and effective procedure, with most women experiencing gradual symptom improvement. Studies have shown that 85-90% of patients notice symptom improvement after 12 months, with three-quarters maintaining these improvements after five years.

What are the risks of uterine fibroid embolisation?

While uterine fibroid embolisation carries fewer risks compared to invasive surgeries, potential complications include cramping pain, discharge, infection, ovarian failure, or a slight risk of missing a malignant growth. However, discussing benefits and risks with your surgeon beforehand ensures informed decision-making.

If you would like to book a consultation with Dr Briggs, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.