UTIs in men: everything you need to know

UTIs are often regarded as a health issue which is exclusive to women. However, this is not the case, as such infections can affect men too. Leading consultant urological surgeon and andrologist Mr Michael Wanis provides the answers to all your questions about UTIs in men.

What is a UTI?

A urinary tract infection, commonly known as a UTI, is an infection that can occur in any part of the urinary tract. This includes the bladder, kidneys, ureter (the tube connecting the kidneys to the bladder), urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body), and in men, the prostate gland.

While UTIs are more prevalent in women due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria easier access to the urinary tract, men are also susceptible to the infections. Factors such as an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, or the use of a catheter (a thin tube inserted into the bladder via the urethra) can increase the risk of UTIs in men.

What are the principal symptoms of UTIs?

The symptoms of UTIs in men closely resemble those experienced by women, with the primary indication being a burning or painful feeling during urination. This discomfort can also signal a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

However, an STI typically presents with genital discharge, unlike a UTI, which manifests as cloudy, bloody, or foul-smelling urine, along with frequent urination urges even when the bladder is empty.

Other UTI symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and a sense of pressure in the bladder or lower back.

What are the main causes of UTIs in men?

UTIs in both men and women typically stem from bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra, sticking to the bladder lining, and growing in number. E. coli, commonly present in the gastrointestinal tract and faeces, are often responsible for UTIs.

Several factors can impede the normal flow of urine, which leads to an increased chance of bacterial growth and ultimately, the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In men specifically, an enlarged prostate can greatly raise the risk of UTIs. Additionally, the presence of kidney stones can block the flow of urine or provide a breeding ground for bacteria, thus promoting the growth of UTIs.

The presence of a urinary catheter also amplifies the risk of UTIs by introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. Conditions or treatments compromising the immune system, such as diabetes, immunosuppressive drugs, and chemotherapy, pose a heightened risk by impairing the body's ability to combat harmful bacteria.

When to see a doctor

It is essential to seek urgent advice from your GP or urologist  if you experience symptoms of a UTI. This is because there may be a more serious underlying health concern, such as an enlarged prostate, that needs to be addressed.

After considering your symptoms and medical history, your GP may suggest seeking further evaluation and treatment from a urologist, a medical specialist who focuses on conditions related to the urinary system.

How can UTIs in men be treated?

If you suspect that you have a UTI, you must schedule an appointment with your GP for a urine test to confirm the infection. Meanwhile, there are proactive measures you can take, such as staying adequately hydrated and urinating regularly, to help flush out bacteria.

Consider incorporating cranberry supplements into your routine; while cranberry juice's effectiveness is inconclusive, research supports the use of cranberry supplements. Another option is D-mannose, available as a supplement, which can also aid in UTI treatment.

Upon diagnosis, it is likely that your doctor will likely prescribe a course of antibiotics tailored to the specific bacteria causing your UTI, considering any existing medical conditions or drug allergies. It is likely that your doctor will prescribe antibiotics for seven to 14 days, though if the infection extends to the prostate, leading to acute bacterial prostatitis, a more extended treatment of around four weeks may be necessary.

In either case, it is crucial to finish your prescribed antibiotic course to ensure complete eradication of bacteria. Premature discontinuation increases the risk of recurrence and potential antibiotic resistance.

Your doctor might recommend over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like low-dose naproxen or ibuprofen to alleviate inflammation and pain.

For recurrent UTIs, additional investigations and follow-ups may be necessary to verify clearance of infection, monitor symptoms, and review underlying causes identified through investigations.

How can UTIs be prevented?

To lower your UTI risk, you should ensure that you stay well hydrated, opt for breathable cotton underwear, and maintain good hygiene practices, particularly pre and post-sex. Remember to urinate after intercourse to flush out potential bacteria.

Ensure you are emptying your bladder regularly to prevent stagnation, which fosters bacterial growth. Additionally, avoid bladder irritants like caffeinated beverages, alcohol, and spicy foods.

If you are concerned about UTIs and would like to book a consultation with Mr Wanis, do not hesitate to book a consultation by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.