What are the different types of gallbladder surgery available?

Gallbladder surgery, also known as cholecystectomy, is a common surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder, an organ located beneath the liver that aids in digestion by storing bile. Bile helps break down fats, but if it becomes concentrated, it can form gallstones, leading to pain, inflammation, or infections. These conditions often necessitate the removal of the gallbladder to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Types of gallbladder surgery

There are two main types of gallbladder surgery: laparoscopic (minimally invasive) and open cholecystectomy. The laparoscopic approach is preferred for most patients due to its shorter recovery time, smaller incisions, and lower risk of complications. In this procedure, a surgeon makes a few small incisions in the abdomen to insert a camera and surgical instruments.

The surgeon then removes the gallbladder through one of these incisions. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally performed as a day case with no overnight hospital stay, and patients typically return to normal activities within a week.

Open cholecystectomy, though less common, may be necessary if complications arise or if there are severe infections or scar tissue around the gallbladder. In this method, the surgeon makes a larger incision to access and remove the gallbladder. Recovery from open surgery takes longer, often requiring a hospital stay of several days and a few weeks of rest.

Post-surgery, most people adapt well to life without a gallbladder. However, a handful of patients may experience temporary mild digestive changes, such as increased frequency of bowel movements or difficulty digesting fatty foods. These symptoms are typically manageable and often subside after a few weeks. Very rarely do they last longer, but can do in a very small minority of patients. Doctors often recommend dietary adjustments post-surgery, such as consuming smaller meals and limiting high-fat foods, to ease the digestive process.

Gallbladder surgery is generally considered safe and effective, with low risks of complications. However, as with any surgery, there are potential risks, such as infection, bleeding, or bile duct injury (1:400 nationall). Patients are advised to discuss these risks thoroughly with their surgeon to make informed decisions and should not undergo an operation without this discussion.

Gallbladder surgery remains the most reliable treatment for symptomatic gallstones, providing long-term relief for most patients and preventing the recurrence of gallstone-related issues. Gallstones DO NOT need to be removed unless they are causing symptoms. Advances in surgical techniques continue to make this procedure even safer and more accessible.