What to expect from a Caesarean section?

A Caesarean section, commonly known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. This method is often employed when a vaginal delivery would put the mother or baby at risk. Understanding what to expect from a C-section can help alleviate concerns and prepare you for the experience. Here to provide a detailed look at this, is leading consultant and obstetrician Ms Eleni Mavrides.

When is a Caesarean section necessary?

A C-section may be arranged and planned in advance, or it may be performed as an emergency procedure. Some common reasons for a C-section include:

• Complications with the baby: Such as abnormal positioning (breech), distress or developmental issues.
• Complications with the mother: Including preeclampsia, infections, or previous C-sections.
• Labour complications: Such as stalled labour or issues with the placenta or umbilical cord.

What’s involved in preparation for a Caesarean section?

Prior to a C-section, you will undergo several preparatory steps:

Pre-operative evaluation

This includes blood tests and a discussion of your medical history.

Anaesthesia

A spinal or epidural anaesthetic is usually administered to numb the lower part of your body while keeping you awake. In emergency cases, a general anaesthetic might be used.

Hospital preparations

You will be asked to fast for several hours before the procedure, and an intravenous (IV) line will be placed in your arm for fluids and medications.

What’s involved in the procedure?

The C-section procedure typically takes about 45 minutes to an hour. Here is a general outline of what happens:

Incision: The surgeon makes a horizontal incision near the pubic hairline (a "bikini cut") or, less commonly, a vertical incision.

Delivery: The baby is carefully delivered through the incision. You may feel some pressure or tugging but should not feel pain.

Clearing airways: The baby's airways are cleared, and the umbilical cord is cut.

Removal of the placenta: The placenta is removed, and the incisions in the uterus and abdomen are closed with stitches.

What’s involved in recovery after a Caesarean section?

Recovery from a C-section involves several stages:

Immediate recovery

You will be monitored in a recovery room for a few hours. Pain relief, typically in the form of IV medications, will be provided.

Hospital stays

Most mothers stay in the hospital for about three to four days. During this time, you will be encouraged to start moving around to promote healing and prevent complications like blood clots.

At home

Full recovery takes about six weeks. You should avoid strenuous activities and also stay away from lifting heavy objects. Pain relief, wound care and gradual return to normal activities will be essential parts of your recovery plan.

How can I manage pain and discomfort after a C-section?

After a C-section, pain and discomfort are managed through:

• Medications: Prescribed painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Supportive measures: Wearing a supportive abdominal binder and using pillows for comfort.

What are the risks and complications of a C-section?

Generally, C-sections are generally safe. However, they do carry some risks, including:

Infections: Of the incision site or uterus.

Blood loss: More than in a vaginal delivery.

Blood clots: In the legs or lungs.

Reactions to anaesthesia: Potential for adverse reactions.

Future pregnancies: Increased risk of complications in future pregnancies.

What are the benefits of a planned Caesarean section?

In some cases, a planned C-section can offer advantages:

• Predictability: You know when your baby will be born.
• Reduced risk of emergency: Eliminates the need for an emergency C-section.
• Avoidance of labour complications: Especially in cases of known risks.

Should I contact my doctor if I have any problems?

Post-surgery, contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

Fever or chills: Signs of infection.

Severe pain: Unmanageable with prescribed medications.

Redness or discharge: From the incision site.

Difficulty breathing: Potential sign of a blood clot.

Heavy bleeding: Unusual postpartum bleeding.

If you want to find out more about having a C-section or other obstetrics topics, arrange a consultation with Ms Mavrides via her Top Doctors profile.