What to expect from a prostate biopsy: Expert insight

A prostate biopsy is a crucial diagnostic procedure for assessing potential prostate cancer, a concern for many men as they age. But what exactly does this procedure entail? In essence, it involves the extraction of a small tissue sample from the prostate gland, located near the bladder and urethra. In his latest online article, Mr Ashwin Sridhar explores what happens before, during, and after a prostate biopsy, shedding light on its accuracy, safety, and potential discomforts.

What exactly does a prostate biopsy entail?

A prostate biopsy involves obtaining a small tissue sample from the prostate, an organ located between the bladder and the urethra. Every man possesses a prostate, which tends to enlarge with age, potentially leading to the development of prostate cancer. The biopsy procedure entails extracting a tiny portion of prostate tissue to examine it under a microscope, aiming to detect any cancerous growth within the organ.

What should I do before a prostate biopsy?

A prostate biopsy may be conducted with either local or general anaesthesia. The preparation for the biopsy varies based on the chosen anaesthesia method. If local anaesthesia is opted for, preparation is relatively straightforward. Your healthcare provider will offer clear instructions regarding any necessary painkillers, antibiotics, or fasting requirements prior to the procedure. Typically, a prostate biopsy is performed as a day-case procedure, allowing patients to leave shortly after completion, assuming they are in good health.

How long does it take to find out the results?

Prostate biopsy results are typically obtained promptly, although the timing can vary based on whether the procedure is conducted within the National Health Service (NHS) or in a private healthcare setting. In private facilities, results are often available within a few days, while it may take slightly longer within the NHS.

How accurate is a prostate biopsy?

Prostate biopsies conducted without prior imaging guidance lack precision. This has led to a shift towards incorporating imaging, typically through an MRI scan of the prostate, before performing the biopsy. Typically, a biopsy is recommended following such imaging only if it indicates potential cancer within the prostate. Guided by this pre-biopsy scan, the accuracy of the procedure significantly improves. It is a precautionary step taken only when deemed necessary.

How long does a prostate biopsy take? Is it safe, painful?

Prostate biopsies are considered very safe, with advancements in techniques aimed at minimising side effects. The most common side effect is temporary pain and discomfort at the biopsy site, typically lasting a day or so. Any blood in the urine or semen usually resolves within a few days to weeks post-procedure. Although rare, there is a minimal risk of infection necessitating antibiotics, which has been further reduced by newer techniques involving biopsy through the skin rather than the rectum.

Mr Ashwin Sridhar is an esteemed consultant urologist and robotic prostate and bladder cancer surgeon. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Sridhar on his Top Doctors profile.