When blood is much thicker than water: what to know about thrombophilia

Written in association with: Professor Vassilis Hadjianastassiou
Published: | Updated: 16/10/2024
Edited by: Jessica Wise

Thrombophilia is when the blood clots too frequently and very quickly. It is a disorder that can be genetic or acquired and may cause clots in the veins and arteries, obstructing flow. While blood clots can help stop wounds from bleeding and help them scab over faster to promote healing, internally this can cause issues. The body should normally break them down after time, but with thrombophilia, the body makes too many of them and also doesn’t break down the older ones fast enough. Professor Vassilis Hadjianastassiou, an expert surgeon in the vascular system, shares with us what you need to understand about thrombophilia.

 

 

What causes thrombophilia?

Genetic thrombophilia is inherited via the direct bloodline of one or both parents, and means that the body is unable to make the correct balance of proteins to build and dismantle blood clots. Inherited kinds of thrombophilia include Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A. Acquired thrombophilia is more common and can be contracted from exposure to diseases, medications, and lifestyle. Thrombophilia can develop in patients who also have HIV, hepatitis, liver disease or even in patients using the oral contraceptive pill. 

 

What can thrombophilia cause?

Thrombophilia isn’t necessarily dangerous, but when too many clots build up, it can have adverse and life-threatening effects like:

 

What are the symptoms of thrombophilia?

Clots can happen anywhere blood flows in the body. There are no symptoms of thrombophilia other than clotting which will not manifest externally until there is too much obstruction in the blood flow, causing conditions such as:

  • Swelling of the limbs and blood vessels
  • Pain in the stomach, limbs, and chest
  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Wooziness
  • Seizure
  • Pain during deep breathing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Areas of heated skin that is painful to the touch

These symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions so it is always better to get examined by a doctor to get a definite diagnosis. Thrombophilia can be diagnosed with a thorough disclosure of medical and family history, and blood tests to examine the proteins in the blood and the way the blood flows, such as an ultrasound Triplex scan or an angiogram. Those who have had a blood clot before the age of 50, multiple miscarriages, and blood clots without known causes could get tested for thrombophilia.

 

How is thrombophilia treated?

Thrombophilia isn’t curable, but it is manageable with a prescription of blood thinners (anticoagulants), or thrombolytics in extreme and urgent cases, which are clot-dissolving drugs administered directly into the circulation. To lower the risk of acquired thrombophilia, it is recommended to avoid smoking tobacco and staying physically active.

 

If you believe you may have thrombophilia, or are struggling with blood clot issues, book an appointment with a Professor Hadjianastassiou via his Top Doctors profile.

By Professor Vassilis Hadjianastassiou
Vascular surgery

Professor Vassilis Hadjianastassiou is a consultant vascular and general surgeon based in London. He has a special interest in managing varicose veins and diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. With regards to arterial disease, he follows developments very closely in carotid artery surgery. He has extensive experience in complex laparoscopic surgery including hernia repairs, cholecystectomies, adrenalectomies and nephrectomies (as well as partial nephrectomies). He works privately in London at London Bridge Hospital, The London Clinic, the London Welbeck Hospital and the Nuffield Highgate Hospital. He works as a substantive NHS consultant surgeon in vascular surgery, general surgery and kidney transplantation at Bart's Health NHS Trust.

Professor Hadjianastassiou graduated from the medical school of the globally-esteemed University of Oxford, where he subsequently also completed his doctoral thesis in abdominal aortic aneurysm risk stratification. He completed his specialist surgical training at the Oxford and London Deaneries and holds dual GMC accreditation in both vascular surgery and general surgery.

Professor Hadjianastassiou is an esteemed figure in surgery. He is currently serving as a member of the court of Examiners at the Royal College of Surgeons of England for the award of the MRCS title. He has served for two consecutive terms as a member of the Executive Council and the treasurer of the Division of Transplantation, of the European Board of Surgery (UEMS). He holds the academic title of full Clinical Professor of Surgery for the University of Nicosia in Cyprus. He is an editorial reviewer for peer-reviewed journals and he has published extensively in scientific literature.

Professor Hadjianastassiou's impressive career has also seen him work as the clinical lead for pancreas transplantation at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust where he was appointed consultant surgeon in 2008. Further to his clinical director role for the Republic of Cyprus' government transplant unit, he also served for two years as one of the two appointed experts in vascular surgery on the government’s advisory committee. Here, he introduced the first carotid endarterectomy under local anaesthesia, the first pancreatic organ transplant and the first laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. He pioneered the Cyprus blood group incompatible kidney transplantation and also did the first fenestrated EVAR for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

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