When is shortness of breath considered to be related to the heart?
Written in association with:
Published: 27/11/2024
Edited by: Conor Lynch
Shortness of breath, a common and alarming symptom, can be attributed to various underlying causes. While not always directly linked to heart issues, it's crucial to explore the potential connection between shortness of breath and heart conditions. In her latest online article, Dr Anne Griguer delves into the reasons behind experiencing shortness of breath and the heart-related conditions associated with this symptom.
Possible causes beyond the heart
Shortness of breath may stem from factors unrelated to the heart, such as anaemia (low haemoglobin levels), hypothyroidism (low thyroid function), or lung problems like chest infections, acute or chronic bronchitis, asthma, and pulmonary embolism.
Heart-related causes
When shortness of breath is associated with heart conditions, it often indicates a failure of the heart to provide adequate blood and oxygen supply. Various components of the heart can contribute to this symptom.
- Heart muscle disease: In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle weakens, leading to reduced heart function and fluid accumulation in the lungs. This insufficient pumping causes shortness of breath, especially on exertion or when lying down flat. Treatment typically involves diuretics to remove excess fluid and specific heart medications to gradually regain muscle strength.
- Heart artery blockages (atheroma): Blockages in the heart arteries can result in shortness of breath, often accompanied by ⦁ chest pain or tightness. Lifestyle changes, medication (Aspirin, statins, anti-anginal tablets), and, if necessary, interventions like balloon/stent procedures or ⦁ cardiac bypass surgery constitute the treatment plan.
- Heart rhythm irregularities (arrhythmias): Both slow (bradycardia) and fast (tachycardia) heart rhythms can cause shortness of breath, often accompanied by palpitations. Treatment involves managing the underlying rhythm issue and may include medications or procedures to regulate heart rate.
- Heart valve issues: Malfunctioning heart valves, whether not opening well (valve stenosis) or not closing properly (valve regurgitation), can lead to shortness of breath on exertion. A ⦁ heart murmur, detected during a clinical examination, may also be present. Further diagnostic tests, such as ⦁ echocardiograms (ultrasound scan of the heart), help identify and manage these conditions.
Diagnostic tools and seeking medical attention
A comprehensive clinical examination, coupled with simple diagnostic tests, can determine whether shortness of breath is heart-related. Blood tests like BNP, electrocardiograms (ECG), chest X-rays, and echocardiograms are valuable tools for diagnosis.
Dr Anne Griguer is an esteemed consultant general and imaging consultant. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Griguer on her Top Doctors profile.
