All you need to know about cataract surgery

In this article below, distinguished consultant ophthalmologist, Dr James Neffendorf, discusses when cataract surgery is typically recommended, the associated risks, and whether or not people will require glasses afterwards. 

What is cataract surgery, and how is it performed?

Cataract surgery is one of the most common and effective surgical procedures performed worldwide. It involves removing the cloudy lens of the eye, known as a cataract, and replacing it with an artificial lens to restore clear vision.

When and why do cataracts develop, and what are the symptoms?

Cataracts typically develop as part of the aging process, but they can also result from trauma, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. The symptoms of cataracts include blurry vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light, and seeing haloes around lights. When these symptoms begin to interfere with daily activities, such as reading or driving, it may be time to consider cataract surgery.

How quick is the surgery, and what does the surgery entail?

The procedure itself is usually quick, often lasting less than 30 minutes, and is performed on an outpatient basis. The most common technique is phacoemulsification, where the surgeon makes a tiny incision in the eye and uses ultrasound waves to break up the cloudy lens.

The fragments are then suctioned out, and an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted. Patients are typically awake during the procedure but receive local anaesthesia to numb the eye and sometimes a sedative to help them relax.

What does recovery from cataract surgery entail?

Recovery from cataract surgery is generally smooth and rapid. Most people notice an improvement in their vision within a few days, although full recovery can take a few weeks. It is important to follow the surgeon's post-operative instructions, which may include using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, and avoiding strenuous activities for a short period.

When should I consider cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery should be considered when vision impairment interferes with daily activities and quality of life.

What are the risks of cataract surgery?

While cataract surgery is generally safe, potential risks include infection, bleeding, and retinal detachment. These complications are rare and often treatable.

Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?

Many patients experience significantly improved vision, but some may still need glasses for certain tasks, especially if they had pre-existing refractive errors.