Allergies at Christmas: Hidden risks over the festive period

Christmas is a time for celebration, family gatherings and festive meals. Many families will also be travelling to family and friends or even further away on holidays, all representing new environments which may be associated with an increased risk of allergic symptoms and reactions.

Understanding the types of allergies that may be more prevalent during this time can help individuals manage their symptoms and enjoy the holidays to the fullest.

Food allergies: Festive feasts and potential hazards

The festive table is often laden with a variety of novel dishes that can pose risks for those with food allergies. Common Christmas foods such as turkey, stuffing, nuts and dairy can trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. For instance, tree nuts – often found in holiday desserts or snack mixes – can cause anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Those who are allergic to nuts must read labels carefully and communicate their allergies to hosts when invited to festive dinners where food will be prepared on-site.

Dairy products are another common source of allergies during Christmas. Many traditional dishes contain milk protein, such as eggnog, creamy sauces and cheese platters. These foods may also affect lactose-intolerant individuals. Gluten is often present in holiday desserts, stuffing and bread. People with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity must be cautious, as cross-contamination can easily occur in a busy kitchen.

Furthermore, fish and other seafood are often included during Christmas feasts, as many families celebrate with seafood platters. Shellfish allergies are widespread and can elicit severe reactions.

Environmental allergies: Seasonal triggers

In addition to food allergies, Christmas presents unique environmental allergens that can lead to allergic symptoms. One of the most prominent sources of allergens during the holiday season is the Christmas tree itself. Real Christmas trees can house mould spores that exacerbate respiratory allergies and asthma symptoms. These spores thrive in moist environments, and if a tree is not stored correctly, it can become a breeding ground for mould. Real Christmas trees may also contain irritating sap and pollen, depending on when they were harvested.

Artificial Christmas trees can also be problematic. They may contain dust mites and other common allergens that can be released into the air when the dusty tree is retrieved from the attic. Using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter to clean real and artificial trees can help reduce allergen levels in the home. Another seasonal trigger includes holiday decorations. Dust can accumulate on ornaments, lights, and other decorations stored away for the year.

Managing allergies during the Christmas period

Individuals can take proactive measures to enjoy Christmas festivities without the burden of allergies. Discussing allergies in advance with family and friends can help everyone be more aware of potential triggers.

Preparing food at home allows individuals to control ingredients, ensuring that allergy-friendly options are available, but travelling on holiday is safe, with obvious precautions.  There is helpful advice relating to flying/travelling with food allergies on the websites for two support networks, Allergy UK and Anaphylaxis UK.

For environmental allergies, regular cleaning and maintenance of the home can help minimise allergen exposure. For example, washing decorations and vacuuming floors before and after the holiday can significantly reduce dust and mould.

While Christmas is often viewed as a joyful season, it is vital to remain vigilant about potential allergy triggers, both in food and the environment. By understanding the sources of allergens and practising cautious habits, individuals can enjoy a festive season with loved ones while safeguarding their health.

Merry Christmas!