Are you at risk for sleep apnoea? Key factors and when to see a specialist

Sleep apnoea is a common sleep disorder that disrupts breathing during sleep, often resulting in daytime fatigue, mood changes, and, in severe cases, increased risk for other health conditions. Identifying if you’re at risk can help you seek treatment early, improving both sleep quality and overall health.

Key risk factors for sleep apnoea

One of the strongest risk factors for sleep apnoea is excess weight. People who are overweight or obese have a higher likelihood of developing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the most prevalent form, due to additional tissue around the airway that can collapse during sleep. However, being thin doesn’t rule out sleep apnoea, as anatomical features like a thicker neck circumference or smaller airway can also predispose someone to the condition.

Age and gender are also significant risk factors. Men are more likely than women to develop sleep apnoea, especially younger men. However, post-menopausal women face similar risks, highlighting the role of hormonal influence in the development of sleep apnoea. Family history, alcohol use, smoking, and nasal congestion further increase susceptibility. Alcohol relaxes the throat muscles, making it easier for the airway to collapse, while smoking can cause inflammation and fluid retention in the airway.

Symptoms to watch for

Common symptoms of sleep apnoea include loud snoring, observed episodes of breathing cessation, abrupt awakenings, gasping for air, and waking up with a dry mouth or headache. Daytime symptoms such as excessive tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and irritability are common, as sleep apnoea disrupts the sleep cycle, impacting restful sleep stages.

When to see a specialist

If you or a loved one exhibits signs of sleep apnoea, it’s essential to see a healthcare provider. A primary care doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist, who can conduct tests like a polysomnogram or a home sleep apnoea test to confirm the diagnosis. Treating sleep apnoea can range from lifestyle changes like weight management and reducing alcohol intake to using a CPAP machine (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), which keeps airways open during sleep.

Promptly addressing sleep apnoea not only improves sleep quality but also reduces the risk of complications such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to significant improvements in both sleep and overall quality of life.