Carpal tunnel syndrome: What should you know?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a prevalent condition impacting the hand and wrist, leading to discomfort, numbness, and weakness. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into your hand, becomes compressed as it passes through a narrow tunnel in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. This article aims to explain the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for this condition.

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

The most common symptoms include numbness, tingling, or a "pins and needles" sensation in the thumb, index, middle, and sometimes part of the ring finger. These sensations are often worse at night or first thing in the morning. Some people may notice that they drop objects more frequently due to weakness in their grip.

In more severe cases, the muscles at the base of the thumb may become visibly smaller (a condition called atrophy), and the symptoms may persist throughout the day.

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

A variety of factors may lead to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. Repetitive hand movements, such as typing or using vibrating tools, can strain the wrist over time. Medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (a type of joint inflammation), or hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) can also increase the risk.

Pregnancy is another common cause, as fluid retention can lead to swelling in the wrist, which compresses the median nerve. Genetics may also play a role, as some people naturally have a narrower carpal tunnel.

How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?

Doctors typically diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome based on your symptoms and a physical examination. Tests may include tapping the wrist to see if it causes tingling (Tinel's sign) or bending the wrist to check for symptoms (Phalen's manoeuvre). Sometimes, an electromyogram (EMG) test is used to measure the electrical activity of your muscles and confirm the diagnosis.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can often be managed with lifestyle changes, such as taking breaks from repetitive activities, wearing a wrist splint at night to keep the wrist in a neutral position, and applying ice to reduce swelling.

If symptoms persist, a doctor may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, surgery might be necessary to release pressure on the median nerve by cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. This procedure is known as carpal tunnel release and is typically very effective.

Carpal tunnel syndrome can significantly affect daily activities, but with timely intervention, most people experience relief. If you suspect you have this condition, seek medical advice to determine the best course of action for your specific needs