Common foot and ankle problems

From injuries to chronic issues that impact mobility, foot and ankle problems are common and can affect people of all ages. Mr Shafic Al-Nammari, highly experienced consultant orthopaedic surgeon, explores the most frequent foot and ankle conditions, providing insights on symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and prevention strategies.

What are the most common foot and ankle injuries/conditions?

The three most common foot and ankle injuries or conditions include:

Ankle sprains

Ankle sprains occur when the ligaments surrounding the ankle are overstretched or torn, often due to sudden twisting motions, such as during sports or uneven walking surfaces. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty putting weight on the affected foot. If left untreated, a sprained ankle can lead to chronic instability or repeated injuries.

Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain that arises from inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. Symptoms include a sharp and stabbing pain in the heel, which is typically worse in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest. The pain may decrease with movement but can worsen after prolonged standing.

Achilles tendonitis

Achilles tendonitis refers to inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which results from overuse or strain. The condition is often seen in runners who increase physical activity levels too quickly. Symptoms include stiffness, tenderness, and swelling at the back of the heel. Severe cases can progress to a tendon rupture, requiring immediate medical attention.

When should I seek medical attention for foot and ankle pain?

It’s recommended to seek medical attention if pain persists for more than a few days, if it is severe, or if it is accompanied by swelling, bruising or inability to walk. Equally, visible deformities after an injury or signs of infection, like redness and warmth, should be promptly evaluated.

Foot and ankle conditions are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. X-rays are often used to detect fractures or joint damage. MRIs scans provide detailed images of soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendons, while ultrasounds are helpful for detecting inflammation. In some cases, gait analysis may also be used to assess biomechanical issues.

When is surgery recommended for foot and ankle injuries/conditions?

Surgery is recommended when conservative treatments, including rest, physiotherapy, or medications, aren’t enough to relieve symptoms or when there is a severe injury. For example, unstable or misaligned fractures, chronic instability due to repeated ankle sprains, or a ruptured Achilles tendon. Other conditions, like severe bunions or advanced arthritis, will also require surgery to restore healthy function.

The recovery period after foot and ankle surgery will vary depending on the procedure. Minor surgeries, such as bunion surgery, will typically require 6 to 8 weeks of recovery, while major surgeries like ankle fusion or total ankle replacement will necessitate several months of recovery, including physiotherapy to regain strength and mobility.

Can I prevent foot and ankle injuries/conditions?

Many foot and ankle problems can be avoided with proper care and precautions. Wearing well-fitted shoes that provide adequate support and cushioning is one of the simplest ways to reduce injury risk. Importantly, it’s crucial to avoid wearing high heels or tight-fitting shoes for extended periods.

Furthermore, strengthening exercises can help maintain flexibility and support the muscles around the foot and ankle. Stretching before physical activity can also reduce the risk of overuse injuries, while maintaining a healthy weight minimises pressure on the feet.

For athletes or people with prior injuries, using braces or orthotics may provide additional protection. Gradually increasing activity levels and allowing sufficient rest between sessions can further lower the risk of injury.

If you would like to book an appointment with Mr Shafic Al-Nammari, head on over to his Top Doctors profile today.