Comprehensive treatment options for piles and haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are swollen blood vessels in the rectal or anal area. They can cause discomfort, itching, and pain and, in some cases, lead to bleeding during bowel movements. Treatment options for haemorrhoids vary depending on their severity, with both non-surgical and surgical solutions available to provide relief and improve quality of life.

Non-surgical treatment options

For mild to moderate haemorrhoids, non-surgical treatments are often effective and can include the following:

• Lifestyle changes: Increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can help reduce symptoms and prevent haemorrhoids from worsening.
• Topical treatments: Over-the-counter creams and ointments, such as hydrocortisone or witch hazel, can provide relief from itching and discomfort.
• Medications: Stool softeners or laxatives can ease bowel movements, reducing strain on the rectal area.
• Rubber band ligation: A minimally invasive procedure where a small rubber band is placed around the haemorrhoid to cut off blood supply, causing it to shrink and eventually fall off.
• Sclerotherapy: An injection-based treatment that involves the use of a chemical solution to shrink haemorrhoids.

Minimally invasive surgical options

When non-surgical treatments are insufficient, minimally invasive procedures may be necessary:

• Infrared coagulation (IRC): This uses heat to seal off blood vessels, causing the haemorrhoid to shrink.
• Laser therapy: A targeted laser removes or reduces haemorrhoids with minimal discomfort and recovery time.

Surgical treatments for severe cases

For large or persistent haemorrhoids, surgery may be the most effective option:

• Haemorrhoidectomy: The complete removal of haemorrhoids, typically under anaesthesia. This is the most effective treatment for severe or prolapsed haemorrhoids.
• Stapled haemorrhoidopexy: A procedure that repositions and secures prolapsed haemorrhoids back into the anal canal while cutting off their blood supply.

Preventing recurrence

Regardless of the treatment, it is crucial to adopt long-term lifestyle changes to prevent haemorrhoids from returning. This includes maintaining a high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding prolonged sitting. For those with recurring haemorrhoids, regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is essential for monitoring and managing symptoms effectively.

If you are experiencing haemorrhoid symptoms, consulting a specialist can help determine the most appropriate treatment option for your needs, ensuring relief and improved quality of life.