Demystifying gallbladder surgery: A guide

Gallbladder surgery, also known as cholecystectomy, is a common surgical procedure performed to address issues related to the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver, playing a crucial role in the digestive process by storing bile produced by the liver. While the gallbladder serves a purpose, certain conditions may arise necessitating its removal. In his latest online article, Mr Edward Alabraba explores the reasons for gallbladder surgery, the types of procedures, and the recovery process.

Why gallbladder surgery?

Gallbladder surgery is typically recommended to treat gallstones and other gallbladder-related issues. Gallstones, hardened deposits in the gallbladder, can cause severe pain, inflammation, and complications. Other reasons for surgery include gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), gallbladder polyps, or dysfunction of the gallbladder.

Types of gallbladder surgery:

There are three main types of gallbladder surgery: open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and most recently, robotic cholecystectomy.

Open cholecystectomy: In an open cholecystectomy, a large incision is made in the abdomen, allowing the surgeon direct access to the gallbladder. This traditional approach is employed in cases where laparoscopic surgery may not be feasible due to complications or specific medical conditions.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Laparoscopic surgery involves making several small incisions in the abdomen through which a tiny camera and specialised instruments are inserted. The surgeon views the internal organs on a monitor and removes the gallbladder with precision. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is less invasive, resulting in quicker recovery times and less pain compared to open surgery.

Robotic cholecystectomy: Like laparoscopic cholecystectomy, small incisions are also used to allow precision instruments to be used in the abdomen. The unique feature of robotic cholecystectomy is that the surgeon operates the precision instruments using robotic instrument arms that are controlled from a special console. Robotic cholecystectomy is less invasive, and also gives quicker recovery times and less pain compared to open surgery.

Recovery and postoperative care:

The recovery process after gallbladder surgery varies depending on the type of surgery performed. However, some general guidelines apply:

Postoperative pain management: Pain and discomfort are common after gallbladder surgery. Pain medications are prescribed to manage postoperative pain.

Dietary adjustments: Patients usually ask if they should follow a low-fat diet after cholecystectomy.  There is no evidence that a low-fat diet influences symptoms after cholecystectomy but it may be beneficial to adhere to a low-fat diet for the recognised health benefits.

Activity levels: While light activities can be resumed soon after surgery, strenuous physical activities should be avoided for a several weeks to allow wound healing.

Potential complications:

Though gallbladder surgery is generally considered safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks. Complications may include infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs, or complications related to anaesthesia. It's crucial for patients to be aware of these risks and communicate any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.

Mr Edward Alabraba is an esteemed consultant hepatobiliary and general surgeon. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Alabraba on his Top Doctors profile.