Gastric ulcer: FAQS

Gastric ulcers refer to for damage to the lining of the stomach that provokes the destruction of the delicate epithelium (lining) of the stomach wall. Leading consultant gastroenterologist Dr Simon Smale answers your frequently asked questions about this ailment.

What is a gastric ulcer?

Gastric ulcers refer to a condition where the lining of the stomach undergoes damage, resulting in the erosion or formation of a hole in the delicate epithelial layer, typically exceeding 3mm in size. When the damage is smaller, it's termed an "erosion." The underlying processes leading to both ulcers and erosions share common pathways.

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Why may a gastric ulcer appear?

These ulcers can arise due to various factors, including damage or dysfunction of the protective mucous layer covering the stomach lining, exposure to harmful substances like excessive gastric acid, alcohol, or certain chemicals that override the protective barriers, or failure in the natural repair mechanisms. Often, a combination of these factors contributes to the development of gastric ulcers.

Common causes of gastric ulceration include infections such as H. pylori, which can disrupt the mucosal barrier or induce excessive acid secretion, as well as the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and diclofenac, which can disrupt the mucosal layer. Additionally, exposure to infections or excessive alcohol consumption can also precipitate ulcer formation.

What are the principal symptoms of a gastric ulcer?

Ulcers are often asymptomatic and symptoms may not be apparent until complications arise, such as bleeding, which can manifest as hematemesis (vomiting of blood) or melena (black, tarry stools), or a combination of both. Occasionally, patients may experience epigastric pain, nausea, weight loss, or early satiety.

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How can a gastric ulcer be managed?

Management of gastric ulcers typically involves identifying and avoiding precipitating factors, such as certain medications, and treating underlying causes like H. pylori infection with eradication therapy and proton pump inhibitors to reduce gastric acid secretion.

If you are concerned about gastric ulcers and would like to book a consultation with Mr Smale, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.