Hearing loss: Key facts every patient should know

Hearing loss is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but many don't realise the extent of its impact on daily life or how it can be managed. We speak to a leading ENT specialist who provides an overview of the causes, types, and treatments of hearing loss, offering insights to help you or your loved ones make informed decisions about hearing health.

What causes hearing loss?

Hearing loss can result from a variety of factors, some of which are preventable. Age-related hearing loss, known as presbycusis, is common in older adults, while noise-induced hearing loss can affect individuals at any age. Frequent exposure to loud noises—from concerts, machinery, or even loud music through headphones—can damage the inner ear’s delicate structures, leading to gradual hearing loss. Certain illnesses, like ear infections or viral infections, can also cause hearing loss, as can genetic conditions.

What are the types of hearing loss?

Hearing loss can be classified into three primary types: sensorineural, conductive, and mixed.

Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the inner ear or the auditory nerve is damaged. This type is usually permanent and can be caused by ageing, loud noise exposure, or specific medications.

Conductive hearing loss is due to a blockage or issue in the outer or middle ear, such as fluid build-up, earwax, or a damaged eardrum. This type of hearing loss may be temporary and can often be treated with medical intervention.

Mixed hearing loss involves both sensorineural and conductive elements, where damage to both the inner and outer or middle ear affects hearing.

How can you recognise the signs of hearing loss?

Hearing loss can be gradual, so people may not realise they’re losing their hearing. Common signs include needing to ask people to repeat themselves, difficulty following conversations in noisy environments, and turning up the volume on devices more than usual. Children or younger individuals may struggle to keep up in school or show signs of frustration in social situations. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a medical professional.

What treatment options are available?

Treatment for hearing loss will be determined according to type and severity. Hearing aids are common for managing sensorineural hearing loss, amplifying sounds to make them clearer. For conductive hearing loss, medical or surgical treatments might include removing earwax, treating infections, or implanting tiny devices to improve hearing function. In some cases, cochlear implants—devices that directly stimulate the auditory nerve—can provide relief for those with severe hearing loss who don't benefit from standard hearing aids.

What are the risks of untreated hearing loss?

Untreated hearing loss can significantly impact one’s quality of life, leading to social isolation, anxiety, and even cognitive decline in older adults. Identifying and managing hearing loss early is key to preserving communication abilities and overall well-being.