How to support young people with ADHD

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects many young people, presenting challenges in attention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It can have a significant impact on a child's daily life, academic performance and social interactions. For caregivers, understanding ADHD and knowing how to support a young person with the condition is important.

In this informative article, leading consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist Dr Mahadev Jasti provides a detailed guide into how family and other guardians can assist.

Understanding ADHD in young people

ADHD is characterised by symptoms that generally fall into three categories:

• Inattention: Difficulty sustaining focus, being easily distracted, and struggling with organisation and follow-through on tasks.
• Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, and an inability to sit still, especially in quiet or calm environments.
• Impulsiveness: Acting without thinking, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for their turn.

These symptoms can vary in intensity and may affect each child differently. Some young people may primarily struggle with inattention, while others may exhibit more hyperactive and impulsive behaviours, or a combination of all three.

How can caregivers support young people with ADHD?

Supporting a young person with ADHD requires patience, understanding and a structured approach. Here are some strategies that caregivers can use:

• Create a structured environment: Consistent routines help reduce uncertainty and stress. Having a set schedule for daily activities like homework, meals, and bedtime can provide stability.
• Break tasks into manageable steps: Large tasks can be overwhelming for a child with ADHD. Breaking them down into smaller, more manageable steps can help the child focus and achieve success one step at a time.
• Encourage positive behaviour: Positive reinforcement, such as praise and rewards, can motivate a child to improve their behaviour and follow through on tasks.
• Set clear expectations: Clearly defining rules and expectations can help the child understand what is expected of them, reducing misunderstandings and frustration.
• Use visual aids: Visual reminders, such as charts or lists, can help the child remember tasks and stay on track throughout the day.
• Promote physical activity: Regular exercise can help manage hyperactivity and improve focus, as it provides an outlet for excess energy and stimulates brain function.
• Collaborate with teachers and professionals: Regular communication with teachers, school counsellors, and healthcare professionals ensures that the child receives comprehensive support. Sharing strategies that work at home with educators can help create a consistent approach.
• Consider professional treatment: ADHD is often managed through a combination of behavioural therapy and, in some cases, medication. Consulting with a healthcare provider to develop a tailored treatment plan is essential.

How do I support emotional well-being?

Children with ADHD may struggle with self-esteem due to their challenges in school and social situations. It's important for caregivers to provide emotional support and encouragement, helping the child to build confidence and resilience.

Caregivers can:

• Foster a positive self-image: Celebrate the child’s strengths and achievements, no matter how small, to build their confidence.
• Encourage social interaction: Helping the child develop social skills and fostering friendships can improve their emotional well-being.
• Be patient and understanding: Recognising that the child’s behaviour is often a symptom of their condition, not wilful disobedience, can help caregivers respond with compassion.

By understanding ADHD and implementing supportive strategies, caregivers can play a pivotal role in helping young people manage their symptoms and thrive in their daily lives.

If you’re looking for leading ADHD treatment for your child, arrange a consultation with Dr Jasti via his Top Doctors profile.