Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: frequently asked questions

When it comes to heart conditions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a lesser-known but significant concern. HCM is a genetic heart disorder that affects the structure of the heart muscle, potentially leading to various health issues. Renowned consultant cardiologist Dr Malgorzata Wamil answers your frequently asked questions about the condition.

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterised by the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. This thickening makes it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively, which can lead to a range of complications.

What are the principal causes of HCM?

HCM is primarily caused by genetic mutations that affect the proteins responsible for muscle contraction in the heart. These mutations lead to the excessive growth of heart muscle cells, resulting in the thickening of the heart wall. While it is primarily a genetic condition, the severity of symptoms can vary widely among affected individuals.

What are the main symptoms of HCM?

The symptoms of HCM can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. However, common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath: difficulty in breathing, especially during physical activity.
• Chest pain or discomfort: due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
• Fatigue: feeling excessively tired, even with minimal physical exertion.
• Fainting or dizziness: these episodes may occur, particularly during exercise.
• Heart palpitations: rapid or irregular heartbeat sensations.

Is HCM Hereditary? What is the genetic component?

Yes, HCM is often hereditary. It is passed down through families due to genetic mutations. If one of your parents has HCM, you have a 50% chance of inheriting the genetic mutation. Genetic testing can help identify individuals at risk.

Can HCM be prevented?

As a genetic condition, HCM cannot be prevented in the traditional sense. However, early detection through genetic testing and regular cardiac check-ups can help manage the condition effectively and prevent complications.

What are the treatment options for HCM?

Treatment for HCM aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, and improve heart function. Treatment options may include:

• Medications: beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other medications can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
• Surgery: in severe cases, surgical procedures like septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation may be necessary to remove excess heart muscle.
• Implantable devices: some individuals may benefit from devices like implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) to manage irregular heart rhythms.

While hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cannot be prevented, early detection, regular medical check-ups, and adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes (reducing the intensity and level of exercise) can allow individuals with HCM to have a normal life span. If you suspect you may have HCM or have a family history of the condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and guidance.

If you are concerned about a heart condition and would like to book a consultation with Dr Wamil, simply visit her Top Doctors profile today.