Living with thyroid disorders

Thyroid disorders are relatively common medical conditions that can significantly impact your overall health and well-being. Understanding the basics of thyroid disorders, their symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for managing these conditions effectively. In his latest online article, Dr Sanjay Saraf gives us his insights.

What is the thyroid?

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck. Despite its modest size, the thyroid plays a critical role in regulating your body's metabolism, which is the process that converts food into energy. The thyroid produces hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which influence almost every cell in your body.

Types of thyroid disorders

There are several types of thyroid disorders, but the most common include hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism 

Hypothyroidism arises when the thyroid gland fails to generate an adequate number of hormones. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is when the thyroid produces too much hormone. This can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, sweating, and nervousness. Graves' disease, an additional autoimmune disorder, stands as the predominant instigator of hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis of thyroid disorders

Diagnosing thyroid disorders typically involves a combination of a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood. Elevated TSH levels point towards hypothyroidism, whereas low TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake scans, can help assess the structure and function of the thyroid gland.

Treatment options 

The management of thyroid disorders varies according to the particular condition and its severity.

Treatment for hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is usually treated with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most commonly levothyroxine. This medication helps restore normal hormone levels, alleviating symptoms and preventing complications.

Treatment for hyperthyroidism

Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include antithyroid medications, which reduce the production of thyroid hormones, and radioactive iodine therapy, which destroys part of the thyroid gland. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove all or part of the thyroid gland.

Living with thyroid disorders

Managing a thyroid disorder often involves regular monitoring and adjustments to treatment. It's essential to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to ensure your thyroid hormone levels remain balanced. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also support your overall health and help manage symptoms. If you suspect you have a thyroid disorder, it's important to seek medical advice promptly. Prompt identification and suitable treatment can substantially enhance your quality of life.

Dr Sanjay Saraf is an esteemed consultant in diabetes and endocrinology. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Saraf on his Top Doctors profile.