Managing cancer treatment-induced menopause

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation and certain surgeries can lead to treatment-induced menopause, which occurs when cancer therapies interfere with the ovaries' function. This type of menopause can happen suddenly, especially in premenopausal women, and often brings more intense symptoms compared to natural menopause due to the abrupt loss of oestrogen.

What symptoms might patients experience?

Patients may experience common menopause symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes and fatigue. Symptoms can be more severe when menopause is induced rapidly by oncology treatments. These physical and emotional changes can add complexity to a patient's cancer treatment and recovery process, impacting their overall quality of life.

How can oncology-related menopause symptoms be managed?

Effective management of these symptoms involves a combination of medical treatment and supportive care. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often avoided in women with certain hormone-sensitive cancers, so non-hormonal strategies become essential. These may include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and gabapentin, which can help reduce hot flushes. Vaginal moisturisers and lubricants are recommended for managing vaginal dryness.

Lifestyle modifications are also important. Regular physical activity, a well-balanced diet and stress-reducing techniques like yoga and meditation can contribute to symptom relief. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to help manage emotional symptoms and improve quality of life.

What support options are available for patients with cancer treatment-induced menopause?

Patients can benefit from comprehensive support services, including counselling, support groups and specialised menopause clinics. These resources provide emotional support and practical advice tailored to managing menopause symptoms while undergoing cancer treatment. Working closely with a healthcare team ensures that symptom management strategies are both effective and safe within the context of ongoing cancer care.