Navigating anal fissures: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

Anal fissures are a common yet often distressing condition that affects many individuals. If you are experiencing pain during bowel movements or noticing blood on your toilet paper, you might be dealing with an anal fissure. In his latest online article, Mr Andrew Brian Williams aims to provide you with a clear understanding of what anal fissures are, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

What are anal fissures?

An anal fissure is a small tear or crack in the lining of the anus, which is the opening at the end of your digestive tract where stool leaves the body. These fissures can cause significant discomfort and bleeding during and after bowel movements. While they can affect people of all ages, they are particularly common in infants and young children, as well as adults who experience frequent constipation or diarrhoea.

Symptoms of anal fissures

The symptoms of anal fissures can be quite distinct and include:

• Sharp pain during bowel movements 
• Noticeable red blood on the stool or toilet paper 
• An obvious tear in the skin around the anus 
• A small lump or skin tag near the tear
• Itching or irritation around the anus

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Causes of anal fissures 

Various factors can lead to the development of anal fissures. These include:

• Constipation: Hard, dry stools can cause tears in the anal lining as they pass through.

• Diarrhoea: Frequent loose or watery stools can irritate and damage the anal lining.

• Straining: Straining during bowel movements can put excessive pressure on the anus, leading to fissures.

• Inflammatory conditions: Conditions such as Crohn's disease can cause chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract, making the anal lining more susceptible to tears.

• Childbirth: The strain and pressure during childbirth can lead to the formation of anal fissures in some women.

Treatment options for anal fissures

The treatment for anal fissures often starts with non-invasive methods. These can include:

Dietary changes: Increasing fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stools and reduce constipation.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water can keep stools soft and easier to pass.

Sitz baths: Soaking the anal area in warm water several times a day can promote healing and reduce discomfort.

Topical treatments: Applying prescribed ointments or creams can help heal the fissure and alleviate pain.

In cases where these methods are ineffective, more advanced treatments may be necessary, such as:

Botox injections: These can help relax the anal muscles, allowing the fissure to heal.

Surgical intervention: A procedure called lateral internal sphincterotomy may be recommended, where a small portion of the anal sphincter muscle is cut to reduce pressure and allow healing.

Preventing anal fissures

Prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy diet high in fibre, staying well-hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Regular exercise can also promote healthy digestion and bowel habits.

Mr Andrew Brian Williams is an esteemed colorectal surgeon. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Williams on his Top Doctors profile.