Navigating menopause: understanding the transition and managing symptoms

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life, marking the end of her menstrual cycles. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, though it can happen earlier or later. This transition can bring a variety of physical and emotional changes as the body adjusts to lower levels of estrogen and progesterone. Here to shed more light on the topic is Dr Alireza Salehzadeh. 

What is menopause?

Menopause is officially diagnosed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The period leading up to menopause, called perimenopause, can last several years. During this time, hormone levels fluctuate, and women may experience irregular periods, hot flashes, night sweats, and other symptoms.

What are the most common symptoms?

Menopause affects every woman differently, but some common symptoms include:

• Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of warmth, often accompanied by sweating and a red, flushed face.
• Night sweats: Hot flashes that occur during sleep, often leading to discomfort and sleep disturbances.
• Mood changes: Increased irritability, anxiety, or depression, possibly linked to hormonal changes and sleep disruption.
• Vaginal dryness: Reduced estrogen can lead to dryness, itching, and discomfort during intercourse.
• Sleep problems: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, often due to night sweats or other discomforts.
• Weight gain and slowed metabolism: Hormonal changes can affect metabolism, leading to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
• Thinning hair and dry skin: Reduced estrogen levels can affect skin and hair health, causing thinning hair and dry, itchy skin.

How are menopause symptoms managed?ç

There are several strategies to manage the symptoms of menopause effectively:

1. Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and getting enough sleep can help manage symptoms. Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, dressing in layers, and using fans can alleviate hot flashes and night sweats.

2. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): HRT can be effective in reducing hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. However, it’s essential to discuss the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider, as HRT is not suitable for everyone.

3. Non-hormonal treatments: Medications such as antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, and anti-seizure medications can sometimes help with hot flashes and mood changes.

4. Vaginal oestrogen: Localised estrogen therapy can relieve vaginal dryness without affecting the whole body.

5. Supplements and herbal remedies: Some women find relief with supplements like black cohosh, soy, or flaxseed, though it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.