Navigating your child's health: When to consider antibiotics

As a parent, it’s natural to worry when your child falls ill. Understanding when antibiotics are necessary can help you make informed decisions about their health care. Here’s a guide to help you navigate when antibiotics are appropriate for your child.

Introduction to antibiotics

Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections. They work by killing bacteria or stopping their growth, allowing the body's immune system to overcome the infection more effectively. It's crucial to understand that antibiotics do not work against viral infections, such as those causing the common cold or flu. 

Common bacterial infections in children

Bacterial infections that commonly affect children include strep throat, urinary tract infections (UTIs), certain types of pneumonia, and skin infections like impetigo. These infections can cause symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, ear pain, and skin redness or swelling.

When antibiotics are necessary

1. Confirmation of bacterial infection: Before prescribing antibiotics, your doctor will often need to confirm that the illness is caused by bacteria. This may involve clinical examination, lab tests (such as throat swabs or urine tests), and consideration of your child's symptoms.

2. Severity of symptoms: Antibiotics are typically prescribed when symptoms are severe, or when there is a risk of complications. For example, strep throat, if left untreated, can lead to rheumatic fever, a serious condition affecting the heart.

3. Recurrent infections: In some cases, children with recurrent infections (e.g., recurrent ear infections) may benefit from antibiotics to prevent further complications.  

4. Immunocompromised children: Children with weakened immune systems, due to conditions like diabetes or certain medications, may require antibiotics more frequently or for longer periods to combat infections effectively.

Antibiotic safety and use

1. Follow prescribed dosages: It's crucial to follow the dosage and schedule prescribed by your doctor. Completing the full course of antibiotics as directed helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance—a condition where bacteria become resistant to the effects of antibiotics.

2. Side effects: Like all medicines, antibiotics can cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhoea, or rash. If your child experiences severe side effects, contact your healthcare provider.

3. Allergic reactions: Inform your doctor of any known allergies your child has before starting antibiotics. Allergic reactions can range from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis (a life-threatening reaction).