Shoulder injuries: what should you know?

The shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, allowing for a wide range of movement. However, this increased mobility also makes the shoulder vulnerable to injuries, which can affect people of all ages. Whether caused by overuse, trauma, or simple wear and tear, shoulder injuries can cause pain and limit everyday activities.

A revered orthopaedic surgeon helps us to understand the causes and treatment options available.

What causes shoulder injuries?

Shoulder injuries can occur in various ways, from sudden accidents to long-term repetitive movements. A common cause is rotator cuff injury, which affects the group of muscles and tendons that stabilise the shoulder. Rotator cuff injuries often happen in people who perform overhead movements, such as athletes or workers who lift heavy objects regularly. Another frequent cause is shoulder impingement, where the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against the bones in the shoulder, leading to pain and inflammation.

In addition, fractures of the collarbone or upper arm bone, known as the humerus, can occur from falls or direct impacts. Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, can also lead to shoulder pain, as the cartilage that cushions the joint gradually wears down with age or injury.

How do you know if you have a shoulder injury?

The symptoms of a shoulder injury can vary depending on the type and severity of the problem. Common signs include pain or tenderness in the shoulder, difficulty moving the arm, or a feeling of weakness when lifting objects. In some cases, you may hear a clicking or popping sound when moving your shoulder. If the injury is more severe, such as a fracture or dislocation, you may experience swelling, bruising, or an obvious deformity.

If you experience persistent shoulder pain or difficulty moving your arm, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage and improve the chances of a full recovery.

How are shoulder injuries treated?

Treatment for shoulder injuries depends on the cause and severity. For mild injuries, rest, ice packs, and over-the-counter pain medication may be sufficient to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and restore mobility. In some cases, a corticosteroid injection may be used to reduce inflammation and provide relief.

For more severe injuries, such as a torn rotator cuff or shoulder fracture, surgery may be required to repair the damaged tissues. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical technique, is often used to repair the shoulder joint, which involves inserting small instruments through tiny incisions to remove damaged tissue or reattach tendons.

When should you seek medical help for shoulder pain?

If your shoulder pain doesn’t improve with rest and self-care measures or if the pain is severe, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional. If you experience sudden, intense pain following an accident or injury, or if you notice significant swelling, bruising, or difficulty moving your arm, you should seek medical attention promptly. Early intervention can help reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery outcomes.