The role of ultrasound in a consultation

Ultrasound is an essential tool in gynaecology, enabling healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor a range of conditions related to women’s reproductive health. While many people associate ultrasound with pregnancy scans, its applications in gynaecology extend far beyond this, offering critical insights into conditions affecting the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic structures.

We speak to a renowned gynaecologist who explains the key role of ultrasound in a gynaecological consultation. 

What is an ultrasound?

An ultrasound scan generates images of the body's interior using sound waves. A handheld device called a transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that reflect off internal tissues and organs. These reflected sound waves are transformed into real-time images visible on a screen. Since ultrasound relies on sound rather than radiation, it is completely safe and is frequently used to assess reproductive health.

What gynaecological conditions can be diagnosed with an ultrasound?

Ultrasound is a cornerstone of gynaecological diagnostics and can identify a variety of conditions, including:

• Ovarian cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can form on the ovaries, sometimes causing pain or discomfort.
• Uterine fibroids: These are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding or pelvic pressure.
• Endometrial abnormalities: Ultrasound can assess the thickness and structure of the endometrium (the uterine lining), which is crucial in diagnosing conditions like endometriosis or polyps.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Multiple small cysts on the ovaries, often accompanied by hormonal imbalances.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Infections that can lead to scarring and complications if untreated.
• Ectopic pregnancy: A potentially serious condition where a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus.

Ultrasound can also monitor reproductive health and track ovulation in cases where fertility treatment is being considered.

What happens during a gynaecological ultrasound?

The main gynaecological ultrasounds are as follows:

Transabdominal ultrasound: In this method, the transducer is moved across the lower abdomen, often requiring a full bladder to enhance image clarity.

Transvaginal ultrasound: This involves inserting a small transducer into the vagina for a closer view of the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. While it might feel slightly uncomfortable, it is typically not painful, and your comfort is a priority during the procedure.

Your doctor will decide which method is appropriate based on your symptoms and the area being examined.

Why is ultrasound beneficial in gynaecology?

Ultrasound provides significant advantages when it comes to reproductive health:

Ultrasound offers significant advantages in reproductive health, providing detailed views of the pelvic organs that enable accurate diagnosis of abnormalities. It plays a crucial role in early detection of conditions such as ectopic pregnancies and ovarian cysts, often preventing complications.

Additionally, ultrasound serves as a valuable tool for guiding procedures like egg retrieval for IVF and the placement of intrauterine devices (IUDs). Its non-invasive and safe nature, free from surgery or radiation, makes it suitable for frequent use, ensuring both effectiveness and patient comfort.

By using ultrasound, gynaecologists can offer personalised care tailored to each patient’s needs, ensuring a clear path toward better health and well-being.