Tiny tummies: Understanding and managing common GI issues in infants

Infant digestive systems are delicate and still developing, which makes gastrointestinal (GI) issues quite common during the first year of life. Understanding these problems and knowing how to manage them can help parents navigate the early stages of their baby's life with more confidence.

Some of the most frequent GI issues in infants include reflux, colic, and constipation, each of which can cause distress but are often manageable with proper care. On hand here to provide us with more detail regarding the topic is esteemed paediatric gastroenterologist, Dr Ahmed Kadir. 

Gastroesophageal reflux

Reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), occurs when food and stomach acid move back up into the oesophagus, causing spit-up or vomiting. It’s a normal part of infancy due to the underdeveloped lower esophageal sphincter.

While most babies outgrow reflux by the time they reach one year old, severe cases may require medical evaluation for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Managing mild reflux usually involves smaller, more frequent feedings, keeping the baby upright after meals, and ensuring proper burping.

Colic

Colic is another common issue that affects about one in five infants. It is characterised by excessive crying and fussiness, usually during the evening hours. Although the exact cause is unknown, colic is thought to be linked to gas, food intolerances, or an immature digestive system. Remedies often include adjusting feeding techniques, using anti-gas drops, and comforting the baby with soothing measures like swaddling or rocking.

Constipation

Constipation in infants can also be a concern, especially after introducing solid foods. Signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and discomfort during bowel movements. Increasing fluid intake, offering fiber-rich foods (for older babies), and gentle tummy massages can help alleviate symptoms. If the issue persists, it is important to consult a paediatrician.

While these GI issues are common, persistent or severe symptoms warrant professional attention. Paediatricians can help guide parents through these challenges and ensure that their infant's digestive health is properly managed, allowing babies to thrive and develop comfortably.