Understanding and managing anaemia

Anaemia is a prevalent blood disorder that can significantly impact your daily life. It occurs when your blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin, leading to a lack of oxygen in your body. Established consultant haematologist Dr Jaimal Kothari provides a comprehensive overview of anaemia, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, to help you better understand and manage this condition.

What is anaemia?

Anaemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells or when these cells do not contain enough haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. When you have anaemia, your body doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood, leading to symptoms like fatigue and weakness. Various factors can cause anaemia, including nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, and inherited conditions.

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

The symptoms of anaemia can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Common signs include fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, dizziness, and chest pain. In some cases, people with anaemia may also experience headaches, cold hands and feet, and cognitive difficulties, such as trouble concentrating.

What causes anaemia?

Anaemia can result from several underlying issues. Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes. Iron is essential for producing haemoglobin, and without enough iron, your body can't make sufficient haemoglobin for red blood cells. Other nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12 or folate, can also lead to anaemia. Chronic diseases like kidney disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis can interfere with red blood cell production. Additionally, certain genetic conditions, such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia, affect the structure and function of red blood cells.

How is anaemia diagnosed?

Diagnosing anaemia typically involves a series of blood tests. A complete blood count (CBC) measures the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit (the proportion of red blood cells in your blood). If these levels are low, further tests may be conducted to determine the type and cause of anaemia. These tests might include a reticulocyte count (measuring young red blood cells), iron studies, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and tests for underlying diseases or conditions.

What are the treatment options for anaemia?

Treatment for anaemia depends on its cause. For iron deficiency anaemia, increasing dietary iron intake through foods like red meat, beans, and leafy green vegetables, or taking iron supplements, can be effective. If the anaemia is due to vitamin deficiencies, supplements of vitamin B12 or folate may be necessary. In cases where anaemia is caused by chronic diseases, treating the underlying condition is crucial. For inherited forms of anaemia, such as sickle cell anaemia, treatments might include medications, blood transfusions, or bone marrow transplants.

How can you prevent anaemia?

Preventing anaemia involves maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins, and other essential nutrients. Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help ensure you get enough of these vital substances. Regular medical check-ups can also help detect anaemia early, especially if you have risk factors like chronic illness or a family history of the condition. If you're at risk of anaemia due to heavy menstrual periods or pregnancy, your doctor might recommend supplements or dietary changes to help prevent it.

By recognising the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment, you can manage anaemia effectively and maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.

If you would like to book a consultation with Dr Jaimal Kothari, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.