Understanding knock knees in children: causes, treatments, and when to seek help

Knock knees, medically known as genu valgum, is a common condition in young children where their knees touch while their ankles remain apart when standing. This alignment of the legs is often part of natural growth and development, especially in toddlers and preschoolers. However, in some cases, knock knees can persist or be caused by underlying medical conditions, raising concerns for parents.

Causes and natural development

Knock knees are often a normal part of a child’s development. Infants typically have bowed legs, but by the age of 2 to 3 years, the legs begin to shift into a knock-knee alignment. By the age of 7 or 8, most children’s legs straighten out as they grow. However, certain factors can contribute to persistent knock knees, including genetics, underlying bone disorders, or conditions like rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency. Injuries to the growth plates can also lead to knock knees.

When to seek help

Mild knock knees that align over time don’t usually require treatment. However, if the condition is severe, asymmetrical (affecting only one leg), or accompanied by pain, difficulty walking, or signs of other medical issues, a specialist evaluation is recommended. Persistent knock knees in older children or adolescents may lead to joint strain or complications if left unaddressed.

Treatment options

For most children, no treatment is necessary as the legs straighten naturally. If intervention is needed, treatment options depend on the severity and cause. For children with rickets, improving bone health through dietary supplements or medication is essential. In severe cases, orthopaedic braces or specialised footwear may help. Rarely, corrective surgery such as guided growth or osteotomy may be recommended for older children or teenagers.

Supporting healthy growth

Encouraging children to maintain a healthy diet rich in vitamin D and calcium, and ensuring regular pediatric check-ups, can support normal bone development. Parents concerned about their child’s leg alignment should consult a healthcare provider for personalised guidance. Early assessment and intervention, if needed, can help ensure a child’s mobility and overall joint health as they grow.