Understanding scoliosis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterised by an abnormal curvature of the spine, often resembling an "S" or "C" shape when viewed from behind. While it can affect individuals of any age, scoliosis is most commonly diagnosed during adolescence, around the time of a growth spurt. Understanding scoliosis is crucial for early detection and effective management to prevent progression and complications.

Scoliosis can have several causes, but in the majority of cases, it is classified as idiopathic, meaning no specific cause is identified. Genetic factors are believed to play a significant role in these cases.

Other forms of scoliosis include congenital scoliosis, caused by abnormal spinal development before birth, and neuromuscular scoliosis, associated with conditions like muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy. Degenerative scoliosis, which occurs in adults, is linked to ageing and spinal wear and tear.

Risk factors for scoliosis include family history, gender (girls are more likely to experience progression), and certain neurological or muscular conditions.

Scoliosis symptoms vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may go unnoticed, while more pronounced curvatures can cause visible asymmetry, such as uneven shoulders, hips, or ribcage. In severe cases, scoliosis can lead to back pain, reduced lung capacity, and difficulty with posture and movement.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests like X-rays, which measure the degree of curvature. The Cobb angle, a measurement of the curve’s severity, helps determine the appropriate treatment.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the curve’s severity, age, and risk of progression. Mild cases often require regular monitoring, while moderate curves may benefit from bracing to prevent worsening. Severe cases, especially those affecting daily activities or causing pain, might require surgical intervention, such as spinal fusion, to correct and stabilise the spine.

With advancements in medical care, scoliosis is highly manageable. Early detection and tailored treatment plans ensure that individuals with scoliosis can lead active and fulfilling lives, minimizing the impact of this spinal condition. Regular screenings and awareness play a vital role in managing scoliosis effectively.