What are the mental symptoms of thyroid disorders?

Thyroid disorders can significantly impact mental health due to the hormone imbalances they create, affecting brain function and emotional regulation. Leading consultant physician Dr George Farah, who specialises in diabetes and endocrinology, takes a look at some of the common mental symptoms associated with thyroid disorders.

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

When the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, it can slow down many body processes, including brain function. Common mental symptoms include:

• Depression: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a general lack of interest in life are common.
• Memory problems: Forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating can occur, often referred to as 'brain fog.'
• Low energy: Mental fatigue and lethargy may make it hard to focus or stay motivated.
• Mood swings: Irritability and mood changes are frequently reported.
• Anxiety: In some cases, an underactive thyroid can lead to persistent worry or feeling restless or anxious all the time.

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)

When the thyroid gland produces too much hormone, it speeds up bodily functions, leading to overstimulation of the brain. Mental symptoms include:

• Anxiety: Excessive nervousness, worry, or agitation, feeling restless or anxious all the time.
• Irritability: Hyperthyroidism can cause quick mood swings or a short temper.
• Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping, often due to heightened anxiety or restlessness.
• Racing thoughts: An overactive thyroid can make the mind feel constantly active or overwhelmed.
• Panic attacks: In severe cases, hyperthyroidism can trigger panic attacks or intense feelings of fear.

Thyroid storms and severe cases

In rare, severe cases of hyperthyroidism (such as a thyroid storm), confusion, delirium, or even hallucinations can occur, requiring emergency medical attention.

Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can mimic symptoms of psychiatric conditions, so it is essential to undergo proper thyroid function tests if mental health symptoms suddenly appear.

Do you require expert treatment for a thyroid disorder? Arrange a consultation with Mr Farah via his Top Doctors profile.