What can a gastroscopy diagnose?

Gastroscopy, also known as an upper endoscopy, is a procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the oesophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. It is performed using a gastroscope—a long, thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera and light at the end. The procedure helps diagnose and treat various gastrointestinal conditions, including acid reflux, ulcers, inflammation, bleeding, and abnormal growths such as polyps or tumours.

The procedure

During a gastroscopy, patients typically lie on their side while a local anaesthetic is sprayed into the throat to numb the area. A sedative may also be given to promote relaxation.

The doctor then gently guides the gastroscope through the mouth and down the oesophagus, allowing for a close-up view of the digestive lining on a monitor. If necessary, small instruments can be passed through the scope to perform biopsies, remove polyps, or treat bleeding areas. The entire procedure usually takes between 10 to 30 minutes.

Gastroscopy is considered safe, with minimal risks. Some people may experience mild throat discomfort or bloating from the air used to inflate the stomach during the procedure, but these sensations typically subside within a few hours. Rare complications can include bleeding, infection, or a tear in the lining of the digestive tract, particularly if a biopsy or therapeutic intervention is performed.

Benefits

Gastroscopy offers significant benefits, particularly in diagnosing unexplained abdominal pain, persistent nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, or gastrointestinal bleeding. It can also be used to monitor pre-existing conditions like Barrett’s oesophagus or to assess the effectiveness of certain treatments. For those experiencing chronic symptoms, gastroscopy can provide a direct, accurate diagnosis, guiding treatment options.

Preparing for a gastroscopy typically involves fasting for six to eight hours prior, as the stomach must be empty to allow for a clear view. Patients should also inform their healthcare provider about any medications, allergies, or underlying conditions.

Overall, gastroscopy is a highly effective diagnostic tool for evaluating the upper gastrointestinal tract. It enables both diagnosis and intervention, offering patients relief from various gastrointestinal symptoms and promoting long-term digestive health. Consulting with a doctor helps ensure appropriate preparation, safety, and understanding of the procedure’s benefits.