What is angina, and how is it diagnosed?

In this article below, find out when you should see a doctor for angina-related symptoms, and why it is so important to get checked out for the main cause of your chest pain.

What is angina?

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a common symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD) characterised by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is often described as a squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or burning sensation in the chest, although it can also manifest as discomfort in the neck, jaw, shoulders, back, or arms.

Angina typically occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or medication.

What causes angina?

The underlying cause of angina is reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. This narrowing or blockage is often caused by the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) within the coronary arteries, which can restrict blood flow and impair the heart's ability to function properly.

Other factors that can contribute to angina include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

How is angina typically diagnosed, and how is it treated?

Diagnosing angina typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiography (ECG or EKG), stress testing, echocardiography, coronary angiography, or cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography.

Treatment for angina aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. This may include lifestyle modifications (such as quitting smoking, adopting a heart-healthy diet, and exercising regularly), medications (such as nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or statins), and invasive procedures (such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) to improve blood flow to the heart.

Should I see a doctor for my angina-related symptoms?

While angina itself is not a heart attack, it can be a warning sign of underlying heart disease and should not be ignored. It is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of angina to seek prompt medical attention to determine the cause of their chest pain and receive appropriate treatment. With early intervention and lifestyle changes, many people with angina can effectively manage their symptoms and reduce their risk of complications associated with coronary artery disease.