What to know about contact dermatitis

Here, in this article below, Dr Karishma Dileep Hemmady, an esteemed consultant dermatologist, provides us with a comprehensive overview about contact dermatitis. 

What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition that occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with an irritating substance or allergen. This contact triggers an inflammatory reaction, resulting in redness, itching, and in more severe cases, blisters or dry, cracked skin.

 

There are two main types of contact dermatitis: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Understanding the causes and managing symptoms is key to preventing flare-ups and maintaining healthy skin.

 

Types

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common form, occurring when the skin is repeatedly exposed to harsh chemicals or substances, such as detergents, solvents, or soaps. Frequent hand washing or working with certain industrial chemicals can break down the skin’s natural protective barrier, leading to irritation.

 

Symptoms usually develop gradually, with dry, red, and cracked skin, particularly in areas exposed to the irritant. This form of dermatitis is not an allergic reaction but rather a response to skin damage.

 

Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the immune system reacts to an allergen that has touched the skin. Common allergens include nickel (often found in jewelry), cosmetics, fragrances, latex, or certain plants like poison ivy.

 

When someone with a sensitivity comes into contact with one of these substances, an allergic reaction occurs, which may take hours or even days to develop. Symptoms often include swelling, redness, itching, and blistering at the site of exposure. In some cases, the skin can become thickened and leathery if the exposure is repeated.

 

Treatment for contact dermatitis typically involves avoiding the irritant or allergen that triggers the reaction. Over-the-counter or prescription creams containing corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and soothe the skin. In more severe cases, oral medications may be necessary to control the symptoms. Keeping the skin moisturised and using gentle, fragrance-free products can help repair the skin barrier and prevent future outbreaks.

 

If you suspect contact dermatitis, it is important to identify the triggers. Consulting a dermatologist can help with diagnosis, and patch testing may be used to pinpoint specific allergens. With the right care and preventative measures, most people can manage their symptoms effectively and keep their skin healthy.