What we need to know about inguinal hernias

An inguinal hernia is a common medical condition that occurs when tissue, often part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. This type of hernia is most prevalent in men, although women can also be affected. The inguinal canal, located in the groin area, is where this herniation typically occurs.

Inguinal hernias can develop due to a combination of factors. Congenital defects present at birth can weaken the abdominal wall, making individuals more susceptible. Additionally, increased pressure within the abdomen from heavy lifting, straining during bowel movements, or chronic coughing can contribute to the development of a hernia. Other risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, and advanced age.

The most noticeable symptom of an inguinal hernia is a bulge or swelling in the groin area that may become more prominent when standing or straining. Patients may also experience discomfort or pain, especially during physical activities such as lifting or bending. In some cases, symptoms may be mild and go unnoticed for years; however, if left untreated, complications such as incarceration (where the herniated tissue becomes trapped) or strangulation (where blood supply to the tissue is cut off) can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional who will assess the bulge and inquire about symptoms. Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans may be used for confirmation. Treatment options vary based on severity. While small hernias without symptoms may only require monitoring, larger or symptomatic hernias usually necessitate surgical intervention.

Surgery can be performed using open techniques or minimally invasive laparoscopic methods to repair the defect in the abdominal wall. Understanding inguinal hernias—along with their causes, symptoms, and treatment options—is crucial for early detection and effective management of this common condition.