What we should know about fibroids

Fibroids, medically referred to as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. Affecting up to 70–80% of women by the age of 50, fibroids vary in size and location, ranging from tiny, undetectable lumps to larger growths that can distort the uterus. While their exact cause remains unclear, fibroids are linked to hormonal changes, particularly elevated levels of oestrogen and progesterone, as well as genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

Fibroids may exist without causing symptoms, but for some women, they can lead to significant discomfort and health issues. Common symptoms include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, and constipation. Some women also experience difficulty becoming pregnant, as fibroids can impact fertility by obstructing the fallopian tubes or altering the uterine lining. Fibroid symptoms can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, making prompt diagnosis and management crucial.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically achieved through a pelvic examination, ultrasound, or advanced imaging techniques such as MRI. The treatment for fibroids depends on their size, number, location, and the severity of symptoms. For women with mild or no symptoms, a watch-and-wait approach might be sufficient. However, when symptoms are severe or impact daily life, several options are available.

Treatment and management

Medication is often the first line of treatment, including hormonal therapies that regulate menstrual cycles and shrink fibroids. For those requiring more immediate relief, non-surgical procedures like uterine artery embolization can block blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.

Minimally invasive surgeries, such as myomectomy, allow for fibroid removal while preserving the uterus, which is particularly beneficial for women who wish to retain fertility. In severe cases, a hysterectomy may be recommended, especially if other treatments have failed or if fibroids are large and numerous.

Fibroids are a manageable condition with the right medical guidance. Women experiencing symptoms should consult a specialist to discuss personalized treatment options, ensuring they regain comfort, health, and quality of life.