Chto takoye sindrom Khoffa?

Sindrom Khoffa, takzhe izvestnyy kak sindrom intrapatellarnoy zhirovoy tkani, predstavlyayet soboy problemu, kotoraya zatragivayet odnu iz trekh podushechek zhirnykh myagkikh tkaney, kotoryye lezhat pod kolennoy chashechkoy (kolennaya chashechka) i privodit k boli v peredney chasti kolena. Tolstaya podushka Khoffa deystvuyet kak zashchitnaya podushka, kotoraya otdelyayet kolennyy chashechek ot kostey goleni i beder. Yesli eto stanovitsya zashchemlennym, razdavlennym ili povrezhdennym, ono stanovitsya opukhshim, vospalennym i bolyashchim. On uvelichivayetsya po razmeru posle togo, kak on opukhshim, i, skoreye vsego, on snova zashchemlyayetsya. Etot tsikl mozhet privesti k bol'shoy boli pered kolenom, ot kotorogo trudno izbavit'sya.

Chto vyzyvayet sindrom Khoffy?

Sindrom Khoffa mozhet proizoyti po ryadu prichin. Eto mozhet byt' vyzvano vnezapnoy travmoy, takoy kak pryamoy udar po kolenu. On postepenno razvivayetsya so vremenem, yesli koleno neodnokratno rasshiryayetsya. Eto kogda koleno vytesnyayetsya za predely polnost'yu vypryamlennogo normal'nogo polozheniya. U patsiyenta mozhet byt' istoriya, pozvolyayushchaya perekosit' koleno, kotoroye izvestno kak giperekstenziya. Drugiye prichiny vklyuchayut plotnyye chetyrekhglavyye myshtsy, pryamoye nakloneniye taza ili istoriyu osteoartrita v kolene.

Kakovy simptomy?

Simptomy sindroma Khoffa vklyuchayut bol' v peredney i bokovoy chasti kolena. Eto chasto trudno opredelit', i ne bylo yavnoy travmy. Takiye deystviya, kak podnyatiye po lestnitse ili dazhe sideniye s naklonom kolena, yavlyayutsya boleznennymi. V nekotorykh sluchayakh voznikayet fonovaya bol' i sluchaynyye tolchki ostroy boli. Kak pravilo, yest' otek nizhe i vokrug kolena, bol' pri vypryamlenii kolena ili dlitel'naya khod'ba.

Kak diagnostiruyetsya sindrom Khoffa?

Fizioterapevt ili sportivnyy vrach budut iskat' simptomy, upomyanutyye vyshe. Oni budut vypolnyat' klinicheskoye obsledovaniye pod nazvaniyem testa Khoffa, kotoroye vklyuchayet v sebya peremeshcheniye kolennoy chashechki posle togo, kak patsiyent szhimayet myshtsy kvadritsepsa.

Kak lechitsya sindrom Khoffy?

Sindrom Khoffy lechitsya, snachala uspokaivaya vospaleniye, a vo-vtorykh, ostanavlivaya zashchemleniye i sdavlivaniye. Eto mozhet byt' dostignuto s otdykhom i lekarstvami. Dal'neysheye lecheniye vklyuchayet v sebya skleivaniye kolena i ukrepleniye uprazhneniy. Mozhno posovetovat' uvidet' spetsialista po sportivnoy meditsine, takogo kak fizioterapevt ili khirurg-ortoped. Spetsialist mozhet primenit' nebol'shuyu protivovospalitel'nuyu in"yektsiyu k zhirovoy podushke, chtoby uspokoit' vospaleniye i fizicheski szhat' zhirovuyu podushku Khoffa. Yesli usloviye tyazheloye, neobkhodimo do trekh in"yektsiy. Khirurgiya obychno ne rekomenduyetsya dlya lecheniya sindroma Khoffa, no v redkikh sluchayakh mozhet byt' vypolnena nebol'shaya nebol'shaya operatsiya po otdelke nekotorykh vospalennykh zhirovykh podushek.