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When blood is much thicker than water: what to know about thrombophilia

Thrombophilia is when the blood clots too frequently and very quickly. It is a disorder that can be genetic or acquired and will cause clots in the veins and arteries, obstructing flow. While blood clots can help stop wounds from bleeding and help them scab over faster to promote healing, internally this can cause issues. The body should normally break them down after time, but with thrombophilia, the body makes too many and also doesn’t break down the older ones fast enough. An expert surgeon and professor in the vascular system shares with us what you need to understand about thrombophilia.

Let's get physical with cardio and pulmonary exercise testing

The heart and the lungs have a close relationship that’s not just based on location. Lungs disperse oxygen into the blood, and the heart makes sure that the blood travels around the body, depositing oxygen to all the organs and limbs. When something goes wrong with one, the other may not be too far behind, which is why they can be evaluated conjunctively with cardio and pulmonary exercise testing.

Understanding haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are not only a condition but pre-existing blood vessels anchored around the anal canal to protect it. During bowel movements, they act as a cushion and swell. When the anchors securing the blood vessels break away from the canal wall, they shift closer to the surface of the skin and become visible or palpable – and this is what most people mean when they refer to haemorrhoids as a condition.

Distinguishing between the respiratory and cardiac causes of breathlessness

Breathlessness, or shortness of breath, is a common symptom experienced by many people and can be caused by various underlying conditions. It is often linked to either respiratory or cardiac issues, both of which impact the body's ability to effectively transport oxygen. Understanding the differences between respiratory and cardiac causes of breathlessness is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Here to provide a detailed insight is leading consultant physician in respiratory and general (internal) medicine Dr Bhashkar Mukherjee.

What are the emotional and psychological effects of PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. While the physical symptoms of PCOS, such as irregular periods, acne and weight gain are well known, the emotional and psychological effects are often overlooked but equally significant. Here to tell us more is leading consultant endocrinologist Dr Vanitha Karunakaran.

Understanding thyroid surgery

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. When issues arise within the thyroid gland, surgery (also known as thyroidectomy) may be necessary to restore function and prevent further complications. Here, Mr Jean-Pierre Jeannon, renowned consultant ENT and head and neck surgeon, provides an expert insight.

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