Robotic hip replacement: An innovative advancement in orthopaedic surgery

Robotic hip replacement is an innovative advancement in orthopaedic surgery that enhances the precision and accuracy of hip replacement procedures. While it uses the same conventional implants as traditional hip replacement surgeries, the incorporation of robotic technology offers significant improvements in surgical outcomes. In his latest online article, Mr Ben Spiegelberg delves into how robotic hip replacement works, its advantages, and the differences between robotic and conventional hip replacement surgeries.

 

The mechanics of robotic hip replacement

Robotic hip replacement surgery employs advanced technology to assist surgeons in positioning implants with exceptional accuracy. This precision is achieved through the use of infrared cameras and specialised software that provide real-time feedback on the positioning of the implants.

• Infrared cameras and sensors: These devices enable the surgical team to monitor the exact angle and position of the hip socket as it is implanted. The system provides detailed information on changes in leg length and offset, crucial parameters in hip replacement surgery. Accurate leg length and offset are vital for restoring normal anatomy and function to the patient. Incorrect leg length can result in the patient feeling that one leg is too long or too short post-surgery, while incorrect offset can increase the risk of dislocation and cause lateral-sided hip pain.

• Precision feedback: The robotic system offers precise feedback, allowing surgeons to make minute adjustments during the procedure. This ensures that the implants are positioned correctly, reducing the risks of complications such as dislocation and leg length discrepancies.

Comparing robotic and conventional hip replacement surgeries

The differences between robotic and conventional hip replacement surgeries lie primarily in the methods of measurement and feedback during the procedure.

Conventional hip replacement: In a traditional hip replacement, surgeons rely on pre-operative planning and templating software to estimate the appropriate implant sizes and positions. During surgery, they use manual methods to assess leg length and offset, such as comparing the relative positions of the knees. These methods, while effective, are less precise and can result in slight variations that may affect the surgical outcome.

Robotic hip replacement: In contrast, robotic-assisted surgery provides real-time, precise feedback on the angles and positions of the implants. Surgeons receive exact measurements in degrees and millimetres, allowing for a more accurate restoration of the patient’s hip anatomy. This precision helps in reducing the risk of post-operative complications and improving the long-term success of the implant.

Complication profiles: Robotic vs. conventional

The complication profiles for robotic and conventional hip replacement surgeries differ mainly in the accuracy and precision of implant positioning.

• Dislocation and leg length discrepancies: Robotic hip replacement significantly reduces the risk of these complications due to its precise feedback and adjustments during the surgery.

• Other complications: The risks of infection, blood clots, fractures, wear, and loosening of the implants remain similar between both approaches. Standard preventive measures, such as antibiotics and blood-thinning medications, are used to mitigate these risks. However, the improved precision of robotic surgery may contribute to reduced wear and increased longevity of the implants, potentially extending their life expectancy to 20-25 years.

Mr Ben Spiegelberg is an esteemed orthopaedic surgeon. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Spiegelberg on his Top Doctors profile.