430 Medical articles on Urology More than 7589 items endorsed by the best medical specialists

Kidney stones explained: From symptoms to prevention

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause anything from mild discomfort to intense pain, especially when they fall into the ureter (the tube that connects the kidneys with the bladder) and blocks the flow of urine causing swelling of the kidney (hydronephrosis). The stones are then called ureteric stones and the severe pain is called Renal Colic or Ureteric Colic. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments for kidney stones, you can take steps to manage or even prevent kidney stones effectively. We speak to esteemed consultant urologist Mr Stefanos Almpanos who explains their causes, symptoms and steps to manage or even prevent kidney stones effectively.

PSA and concerns about prostate cancer

One of the major symptoms of prostate cancer is the prostate getting bigger. However, not every case of prostate enlargement suggests or leads to cancer – sometimes, the prostate increases in size on its own as time goes by, in a phenomenon called benign prostate enlargement (BPE). An enlarged prostate will produce a prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a type of protein that will be present in the blood, regardless of the cause of the enlargement. In this article, consultant urologist Mr Karan Wadhwa explains more about the relationship between PSA and prostate cancer concerns.

Kidney stones: the need-to-know guide

Kidney stones, also called renal calculi or nephroliths, are formed when excess minerals and salts in the body build up and become crystalline hard deposits. They can be caused by not drinking enough water and other fluids, or because of certain medical conditions that cause an aggregation of these substances in urine. Miss Jean McDonald, a celebrated urologist, shares the causes of the phenomenon and the available options for treatment.

Written by Top Doctors

Written by Top Doctors
Urology

The diagnosis of prostate cancer and identification of correct treatments

Prostate cancer usually develops over many years, and tends to have no external symptoms until the prostate becomes big enough to disrupt urination and sexual function. During this time, the cancer may spread to organs in other parts of the body, which is why it is ideal to get diagnosed as early as possible to develop a treatment plan that adequately addresses the spread and severity. In this article, a consultant urological surgeon shares all about how prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated.

Written by Top Doctors

Written by Top Doctors
Urology

What is a high PSA level, and why does it matter?

For many men, a routine blood test may reveal a high PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level, which can lead to concern and questions. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and cancerous cells in the prostate gland, and its levels can be measured to assess prostate health. While a high PSA level may be concerning, it doesn’t necessarily mean cancer. A leading urologist explains what a high PSA level could indicate and the potential next steps can provide clarity.

Written by Top Doctors

Written by Top Doctors
Urology

Seeing red? Speak up about blood in the urine

Noticing blood in your urine, medically known as haematuria, can be a distressing experience. This can manifest as a change in urine colour, often turning it pink, red or brown. It can be alarming, but it’s important to know that having haematuria doesn’t indicate a serious health issue for the majority of people. Here to provide a guide to haematuria symptoms, causes and treatment is leading consultant urological surgeon Mr Nicholas Raison, who also discusses what’s involved in a typical consultation with him.

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