Articles from the clinic: The Clementine Churchill Hospital - part of Circle Health Group More than 7589 items endorsed by the best medical specialists

What is testosterone deficiency?

Testosterone deficiency, often referred to as hypogonadism, occurs when the body produces insufficient amounts of testosterone—a hormone critical for male health. Testosterone is responsible for regulating a range of functions, including muscle mass, bone density, red blood cell production, and libido. Although testosterone is commonly associated with men, women also produce small amounts of this hormone. Testosterone deficiency can result from various causes, including ageing, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors. Leading consultant urologist Mr Jas Kalsi provides a patient-friendly overview of testosterone deficiency, helping you identify potential symptoms and understand its causes and treatment options.

Recognising back pain red flags: When to seek immediate medical attention

Back pain is a common complaint that can vary from minor discomfort to severe, debilitating pain. While most cases resolve with simple treatment, certain signs - often referred to as "red flags" - indicate the possibility of a serious underlying condition. Here, Dr Krishnan Baburaj, distinguished consultant rheumatologist, provides a comprehensive guide to help you recognise back pain red flags, know when to act, and understand how back pain is treated.

Bronchiectasis: A patient-friendly overview

Bronchiectasis is a long-term lung condition where the airways (bronchi) become widened and damaged, leading to excess mucus production. This damage makes it harder for the lungs to clear mucus, increasing the risk of infections. Over time, this creates a cycle of infection and inflammation that worsens lung function. Revered consultant in respiratory medicine Dr Shalin Diwanji explains more about the condition.

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