Loss of smell and getting it treated

Anosmia, or loss of smell, is a condition that requires prompt medical attention due to its impact on quality of life. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment, many individuals can regain or improve their sense of smell, although some cases may result in permanent loss.

In this informative article, leading consultant rhinologist and ENT surgeon Mr Matt Lechner provides a specialist's insight regarding effective management of this condition.

What is loss of smell (anosmia)?

Loss of smell, medically known as anosmia, is the partial or complete inability to detect odours. This condition can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, as the sense of smell plays a crucial role in detecting hazards (like smoke or gas leaks), enjoying food, and experiencing the environment. Anosmia can result from various causes, including nasal congestion, infections, head injuries and neurological disorders.

Can you still taste without your sense of smell?

The sense of taste and smell are closely linked. While it is possible to taste basic flavours such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami, the nuances of food flavours largely depend on the sense of smell. Without the ability to smell, the complexity of flavours is diminished, and foods may seem bland or flavourless. Therefore, many people with anosmia report a significant reduction in their ability to enjoy food.

How do you get your sense of smell back? Can it be reversed medically?

The ability to regain your sense of smell depends on the underlying cause of anosmia. Medical treatments and interventions include:

Nasal decongestants

These can help if anosmia is due to nasal congestion from colds or allergies.

Corticosteroids

These can reduce inflammation and are particularly useful if anosmia is caused by nasal polyps or chronic sinusitis.

Antibiotics

If a bacterial infection is responsible, antibiotics can help clear the infection and restore the sense of smell.

Smell training

This involves regularly smelling a set of strong scents to stimulate and potentially retrain the olfactory system.

Surgery

In cases where physical obstructions like polyps or deviated septums are the cause, surgical intervention might be necessary.

The reversibility of anosmia depends on the cause and severity of the condition. For some, the sense of smell may return to normal after treatment, while for others, it might only improve partially or not at all.

Can loss of smell be permanent?

Yes, loss of smell can be permanent, especially if it results from severe head trauma, chronic conditions that aren't responsive to treatment, or progressive neurological diseases like Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. In some cases, anosmia persists despite the removal of the underlying cause. Age-related loss of smell can also be irreversible.

How important is it to get it treated quickly?

It is crucial to seek medical advice promptly if you experience a sudden or unexplained loss of smell. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve the chances of recovery. Untreated anosmia can affect nutrition and safety, as the inability to smell can prevent detection of harmful odours like smoke or spoiled food.

Additional considerations

There are several factors to consider when evaluating and treating patients with anosmia:

• Detailed medical history: Understanding the onset, duration and any associated symptoms (like nasal discharge or congestion) helps in diagnosing the cause of anosmia.
• Physical examination: This includes a thorough examination of the nasal passages to identify obstructions, inflammation or infections.
• Imaging: CT or MRI scans may be ordered to detect structural abnormalities, tumours, or sinus issues.
• Olfactory testing: Specific tests to assess the degree of smell loss and to identify which odours the patient can or cannot detect.
• Multi-disciplinary approach: Collaboration with neurologists or other specialists may be necessary if the anosmia is linked to neurological conditions.
• Patient education: Informing patients about the potential causes, treatment options, and the importance of adhering to prescribed treatments. Discussing lifestyle modifications and safety measures to mitigate the impact of anosmia on daily life is also essential.

Concerned about the impact that loss of smell is having on your quality of life? Arrange a consultation with Mr Lechner via his Top Doctors profile.