What is analysed?

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing foetus. In adults, the presence of AFP serves as a tumour marker for certain types of cancers, particularly liver cancer and certain testicular cancers.

The AFP test measures AFP tumour marker levels in the blood.

What does the result mean?

The result indicates the concentration of AFP tumour markers in the blood.

Why conduct the analysis?

The AFP tumour marker test is performed as a screen tool for liver cancer, especially for patients who have chronic liver diseases like hepatitis B or C. The analysis is also used to monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatments and detect potential recurrences.

When to conduct the analysis?

The AFP tumour marker test is conducted in specific situations, such as liver cancer screenings and to assess the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The analysis is also conducted when a liver mass is detected during imaging studies.

What sample is required?

A blood sample is used for the analysis of AFP tumour marker levels. The blood is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

Patients should fast for 8-12 hours before the blood sample is taken. In addition, patients should also inform a healthcare professional about any medications or supplements being taken, as certain drugs can affect results.

How is it performed?

The collected blood sample is sent to a laboratory, where it is analysed using immunoassay techniques to quantify AFP tumour marker levels in the blood.

What are the normal values?

What does having altered values mean?

• Elevated levels: Raised AFP tumour marker levels indicate liver cancer, certain testicular cancers, or conditions like cirrhosis and hepatitis.
• Low levels: Normal AFP tumour marker levels indicate that a patient is healthy. Extremely low AFP tumour marker levels can present in certain situations, but are less common.