What is being analysed?

Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) levels in the blood or urine are being analysed. B2M is a protein found on the surface of many cells, and its levels can indicate kidney function.

What does the result mean?

Elevated levels of B2M in the blood or urine may indicate kidney disease, particularly damage to the tubules, which are small tubes in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products from the blood.

Why do the analysis?

The analysis of B2M levels helps in diagnosing and monitoring kidney disease, especially conditions affecting the tubules.

When to do the analysis?

The analysis may be recommended when there are signs or symptoms of kidney disease, such as changes in urine output, blood in the urine, swelling, or abnormal blood test results.

What sample is required?

A blood or urine sample is required for B2M analysis.

Is any type of prior preparation necessary?

No specific prior preparation is necessary for the B2M analysis.

How is it used?

B2M analysis is used alongside other tests to assess kidney function and diagnose kidney diseases, especially those affecting the tubules.

What are the normal values?

Normal B2M levels in the blood typically range from 0.8 to 2.2 milligrams per liter (mg/L). In urine, normal levels are usually less than 0.3 mg/L.

What does it mean to have altered values?

Elevated blood levels: Elevated B2M levels in the blood may indicate kidney disease, particularly damage to the tubules. This could be due to conditions such as tubular necrosis, renal tubular acidosis, or kidney transplant rejection.

Elevated urine levels: Elevated B2M levels in the urine may also indicate kidney disease, specifically tubular damage. It can be seen in conditions like multiple myeloma, Fanconi syndrome, or acute tubular necrosis.

Table: Beta-2 microglobulin normal values

Always consult a healthcare professional for interpretation of results and appropriate management.