What is a colostomy?

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall to allow waste to exit the body bypassing a diseased or damaged part of the colon. This procedure is often necessary for patients with conditions such as colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, traumatic injury to the colon, congenital defects, or inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease.

What happens during a colostomy?

During the procedure, a surgeon removes or bypasses the affected part of the colon and brings the healthy end of the colon through the abdominal wall. The resulting stoma, typically located on the lower abdomen, allows feces to leave the body through this new opening. Patients will need to wear an external pouch to collect waste. The stoma can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the surgical goal.

What are the different types of colostomies?

There are different types of colostomies, including end colostomy, loop colostomy, and double-barrel colostomy. An end colostomy involves bringing one end of the colon out through the stoma and is often permanent, especially when the rectum is removed. A loop colostomy, usually temporary, brings a loop of the colon to the surface, creating a stoma with two openings: one for stool and one for mucus. A double-barrel colostomy separates the colon into two stomas, typically for short-term use to allow healing.

What should patients living with a colostomy be aware of?

Living with a colostomy involves learning to care for the stoma and manage the colostomy pouch. Proper stoma care includes regular cleaning, ensuring the pouch is securely attached to prevent leaks, and monitoring for skin irritation around the stoma. Dietary adjustments may be necessary to manage stool consistency and reduce gas or blockages. Despite these changes, most individuals can resume normal activities, including work and physical exercise, though they may need to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities initially.