What is congenital hip dislocation?

Congenital dislocation of the hip, also known as hip dysplasia in infants, is a developmental defect that affects the hip joint's structure. This condition involves alterations in the shape of both the femoral head (the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis where the femoral head fits). These abnormalities can lead to issues with hip joint development.

When is treatment required?

Treatment for congenital hip dislocation is typically required when the condition is diagnosed in infants. Early detection and intervention are crucial for a successful outcome. Not all babies are born with dislocated hips, but the condition can develop shortly after birth or during infancy as the hip joint continues to grow and mature.

What causes congenital hip dislocation?

The exact cause of congenital hip dislocation is not always clear, but it can result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Babies born in the breech position (feet first) are at a higher risk, as this position can put stress on the hip joints during development in the womb. Family history of hip dysplasia can also increase the likelihood of a baby having this condition.

What is the prognosis?

Congenital hip dislocation is a developmental condition that affects the hip joint's structure in infants. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for ensuring proper hip joint development and preventing long-term complications. With appropriate medical care, many infants with congenital hip dislocation can go on to have healthy, functional hip joints as they grow and develop.

How is congenital hip dislocation diagnosed?

Congenital hip dislocation is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies like ultrasound or X-rays. During a physical exam, a healthcare provider may check for hip instability or asymmetry in leg movement. Imaging studies can provide a more detailed view of the hip joint's structure and help confirm the diagnosis.

What does treatment involve?

Treatment for congenital hip dislocation often begins with the use of a special harness or brace, known as a Pavlik harness, which helps hold the baby's hips in a position that promotes proper joint development. In some cases, if detected later or if the harness is not effective, surgery may be necessary to reposition the hip joint and correct any structural abnormalities.