What is being analysed?

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, with particularly high concentrations in the liver. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of glutathione, a key antioxidant, and in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.

What does the result mean?

Elevated levels of GGT in the blood can indicate liver damage or disease, particularly when combined with elevated levels of other liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). It can also be elevated in conditions affecting the bile ducts, such as cholestasis or biliary obstruction.

Why do the analysis?

GGT analysis is performed to assess liver function, diagnose liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, monitor the progression of liver disease, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

When to do the analysis?

GGT analysis may be ordered as part of routine liver function tests, especially if there are symptoms of liver disease such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, or fatigue. It may also be ordered if other liver enzymes are elevated, or if there is suspicion of alcohol abuse.

What sample is required?

A blood sample is required for GGT analysis. This sample is typically drawn from a vein in the arm using a needle.

Is any type of prior preparation necessary?

No specific preparation is usually necessary for GGT analysis. However, it is essential to follow any instructions provided by the healthcare provider, such as fasting before the test if required.

How is it used?

GGT analysis is used in conjunction with other liver function tests to assess liver health and diagnose liver diseases. It helps healthcare providers determine the underlying cause of elevated liver enzymes and guide further evaluation and treatment.

What are the normal values?

Normal values for GGT can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the individual's age and sex. However, in general, normal GGT levels are typically:

For adult males: 8 to 61 units per liter (U/L)

For adult females: 5 to 36 U/L

What does it mean to have altered values?

Elevated GGT levels may indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. However, it is essential to interpret GGT levels in conjunction with other liver function tests and clinical findings. Decreased GGT levels are less common but may occur in severe liver disease or malnutrition.

Table of Normal GGT Values:

Remember, interpretation of GGT values should always be done by a healthcare professional in the context of the individual's medical history and other test results.