What is being analysed?

A glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test is a crucial blood test used to measure the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. Specifically, it determines the percentage of haemoglobin coated with sugar (glucose). Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

What does the result mean?

The result of the HbA1c test indicates the average blood sugar level over the past few months. It's expressed as a percentage, with higher percentages indicating higher average blood sugar levels. This test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes and monitor blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes.

Healthcare providers may use the results to adjust treatment plans, such as medications, diet, and exercise, to achieve better blood sugar control.

Why perform the analysis?

The analysis of HbA1c is crucial for several reasons:

• Diagnosis of diabetes: It helps identify individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing it.
• Monitoring diabetes management: It allows healthcare providers to assess how well diabetes is being managed and whether adjustments to treatment plans are necessary.
• Prevention of complications: Maintaining blood sugar levels within the target range can reduce the risk of long-term complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.

When should the analysis be done?

The HbA1c test is typically recommended:

• For diagnosing diabetes: Usually, if symptoms of diabetes are present, or as part of routine screening for individuals at high risk.
• For monitoring diabetes management: Regularly, as advised by healthcare providers, usually every three to six months.

What sample is required?

A simple blood sample is required for the HbA1c test. This sample is usually obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

No specific preparation is required for the HbA1c test. It can be done at any time of the day and does not require fasting.

What are the normal values?

Normal HbA1c levels vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the method used for testing. However, in general:

• For individuals without diabetes, a normal HbA1c level is typically below 5.7%.
• For individuals with diabetes, the target HbA1c level is usually below 7%. However, individual targets may vary based on factors such as age, overall health, and the presence of complications.

HbA1c values reference table:

What does having altered values mean?

• Higher than normal HbA1c levels indicate poorer blood sugar control and may suggest an increased risk of diabetes complications. In individuals with diabetes, elevated HbA1c levels may indicate the need for adjustments to treatment plans to achieve better blood sugar control.
• Lower than normal HbA1c levels may indicate a risk of hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) and may suggest the need for adjustments to treatment plans to prevent this complication.

Understanding HbA1c levels is crucial for managing diabetes effectively and reducing the risk of complications associated with the condition. Regular monitoring and appropriate management can help individuals with diabetes live healthier lives. If you have concerns about your HbA1c levels or diabetes management, consult with your healthcare provider for personalised advice and guidance.