Heavy metal test
What is being analysed?
Heavy metal testing refers to the analysis of metals and metalloids in biological samples such as blood, urine, or hair. Common heavy metals tested include lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and others.
When is it requested?
Heavy metal testing may be requested when there is suspicion of heavy metal poisoning or exposure, symptoms of heavy metal toxicity, or as part of routine health assessments, occupational health monitoring, or environmental exposure evaluations. Elevated levels can indicate toxicity, which may lead to various health problems ranging from mild symptoms to severe organ damage or neurological disorders.
When should the analysis be done?
Heavy metal testing should be done when symptoms suggestive of heavy metal poisoning are present, after known or suspected exposure to heavy metals, or as part of routine screening for certain populations such as workers in industries with potential heavy metal exposure.
What sample is required?
The sample required for heavy metal testing depends on the type of metal being analysed and the suspected exposure route. Common samples include blood, urine, hair, and sometimes tissue samples.
Is any prior preparation necessary?
Prior preparation requirements vary depending on the type of sample being collected. In general, fasting may be required for blood or urine samples, and avoiding certain medications or supplements that may interfere with the test results is advisable.
How are the results used?
Heavy metal testing is used to assess exposure levels and guide medical management. Results help healthcare providers determine the need for treatment, such as chelation therapy to remove heavy metals from the body, and to monitor the effectiveness of interventions.
What are the normal values?
Normal values for heavy metals in biological samples vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and individual characteristics. Below is a table outlining typical reference ranges for common heavy metals:
|
Heavy Metal |
Normal Range (Blood) |
Normal Range (Urine) |
Normal Range (Hair) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Lead |
< 5 µg/dL |
< 10 µg/L |
< 10 µg/g |
|
Mercury |
< 10 µg/L |
< 20 µg/L |
< 2 µg/g |
|
Cadmium |
< 1 µg/L |
< 5 µg/g |
< 0.5 µg/g |
|
Arsenic |
< 10 µg/L |
< 50 µg/g |
< 0.5 µg/g |
|
Chromium |
< 1 µg/L |
< 1 µg/g |
< 1 µg/g |
What does having altered values mean?
Having altered values above the normal range may indicate heavy metal toxicity or exposure. Depending on the specific metal and the extent of elevation, health risks can vary from mild symptoms to severe health complications. Interpretation of results should consider individual circumstances and consult with a doctor for proper diagnosis and management.
By understanding heavy metal testing, individuals can take proactive steps to mitigate exposure risks and safeguard their health. Regular screening and appropriate interventions can help prevent or minimize the adverse effects of heavy metal exposure.