What is being analysed?

HIV testing involves the analysis of blood, saliva, or urine samples to detect the presence of HIV antibodies, antigens, or the virus itself. These tests aim to identify whether an individual has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

What does the result mean?

A positive result indicates the presence of HIV in the body, meaning the individual is infected with the virus. A negative result suggests no detectable presence of HIV at the time of testing. However, it's essential to note that there is a window period during which HIV may not be detectable despite infection.

Why undergo the test?

Undergoing an HIV test is crucial for various reasons. It allows individuals to know their HIV status, seek appropriate medical care if positive, and take preventive measures to avoid transmitting the virus to others. Early detection also leads to better treatment outcomes.

When should people get tested?

It's recommended to get tested for HIV:

• Regularly, especially if engaging in high-risk behaviours such as unprotected sex or sharing needles.
• After potential exposure to HIV, such as through unprotected sex or needle sharing.
• During routine health check-ups, as recommended by healthcare providers.

What sample is required?

Blood samples are commonly used for HIV testing. However, some tests may also utilise saliva or urine samples, offering non-invasive options for screening.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

No specific preparation is usually required for HIV testing. However, individuals should inform healthcare providers about any medications or medical conditions that might affect the test results.

How is it conducted?

HIV testing can be performed using various methods, including:

• Rapid HIV tests: Provide results in minutes using blood from a finger prick or oral fluid.
• Laboratory-based tests: Require blood samples drawn from a vein and may take longer to provide results but offer high accuracy.

What do abnormal values indicate?

An abnormal result typically indicates a positive HIV status, suggesting the presence of HIV antibodies, antigens, or the virus itself in the sample. Further medical evaluation and follow-up testing may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action.